Bio chemistry

Unit 1A

Protons

postive charge in nucleus

Neutron

neutral charge in nucleus

Electron

negitive charge in energy level

Energy level

path/ location of electrons

Valence electrons

e- in outermost energy level

nucleus

central part of the atom

atomic number

number of protons in an atom (also indicates number of electrons)

atomic mass

number of protons and neutrons in an atom, reflecting its overall mass.

Valance e-

electrons in the outer most energy level

ionic and covalent

types of bonds

ionic bonds

transfer of a metal and non metal (results in an ion charged particle)

covalent bonds

between 2 non metalsthat share electrons to achieve full outer shells.

H+

hydrogen ion associated with acids

OH-

hydroxide ion, often found in bases

Ph scale

amount of H+

macro

large

Molecule

Groups of atoms covently bonded together

4 types of macromolecules

include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

4 most aboundent elements in macromolcules

are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

functional group

a group of atoms (usually at the end of a molecule) that influences the properties and reactions of that molecule.