FORMS OF ENERGY VOCABULARY #1

Energy

Is the ability to do work and cause a change in matter.

Kinetic energy

Is energy of motion/action: #6, 8, 12, 13, 14

Potential energy

It is stored energy (not in motion). Energy an object has due to its position or condition, it is not causing a change or doing work but it has the potential to do it. #4-7

Gravitational Potential Energy

A form of potential energy (not in motion) that is waiting for gravity to pull an object down.

Elastic Potential Energy

A form of potential energy that involves stretching and retaining its shape. Examples: rubber bands, hair bands, springs, coils, elastic bands

Chemical energy

Potential energy that is the energy of electrons that form bonds between atoms. Energy that can be released by a chemical reaction. Some examples are: food, fuels, a match, batteries and fireworks.

Nuclear energy

Is Potential energy found in the nucleus of the atom by releasing protons (p⁺)

Light Energy (KE)

Form of energy you can see; Energy that is made of electromagnetic radiation that travels in waves. Light travels fastest through gases, slower through liquids, and slowest through some solids.

Waves

Energy travels in waves.

Thermal (Heat) energy (KE)

Energy of moving particles of matter from warmer → cooler areas. Energy that is the total of all the kinetic and potential energy of atoms.

Thermometer

A tool to measure the amount of thermal energy.

Conduction

Is the transfer of heat between objects that are touching. Frying eggs, bacon, sausage in pan

Convection

Is the transfer of thermal energy (heat) in moving liquids or gases in a circular motion. Exam: convection currents in water & air; air conditioning, heater; cooking anything in water – pasta, boiling eggs

Radiation

Is the transfer of heat that flows through the air by electromagnetic waves. Exam: sun’s rays

Sound energy (KE)

Energy that travels as waves through vibrating matter. Sound travels through solids fastest, liquids slower, and gases the slowest.

Mechanical energy (KE)

The total energy of motion & position of an object; energy that involves moving parts. Exam: machines, watches, clock, computers, rides, cars, pens, sharpeners

Electrical energy (KE)

Energy caused by the movement of electric charges.

Static electricity

The buildup of charges that are positive and cause hair to stand out.

Electric current

The flow of charges – electrons (e⁻)

Electromagnet

A magnet that has an electrical current running through it.

Generator

Device that converts kinetic energy to electrical energy.

Electric motor

Device that converts/changes electrical energy into mechanical energy.