CSD200 Midterm Review

What is the function of the articulatory system?

Serves as filter for the phonatory source to shape the sounds of speech

Moveable articulators (Lick Monkeys Very Tender, Cheeky Pharaoh!)

Lips, mandible, velum, tongue, cheeks, pharynx

Immobile Articulators (Alvin Really Hates Painting Tables)

Alveolar ridge of maxillae, hard palate, teeth

Intrinsic vs extrinsic tongue muscles

intrinsic: tongue muscles are entirely within the tongue, change its shape

extrinsic: tongue muscles attach the tongue to other structures, control position

What bone makes up the hard palate

palatine bone

What bone makes the cheekbones

zygomatic bones

what bone makes the lower jaw

mandible

What bone makes the forehead

Frontal bone

What bone makes the lateral skull

temporal bone

what bone makes the posterior skull

occipital bone

What are the cavities of the oral tract? (BOPN your head to the beat)

buccal, oral, pharyngeal, nasal cavity

buccinator

compresses cheek,

Risorius

Draws corner of mouth laterally

Mentalis

Elevates and protrudes lower lip

Orbicularis oris

closes and protrudes lips (kissing muscle-- ‍♀️ )

Genioglossus

depresses and protrudes tongue

Superior longitudinal

elevates tongue tip

Inferior longitudinal

pulls tongue tip down

Transverse muscle

narrows and elongates tongue

Verticalis muscle

flattens and widens tongue

Masseter

elevates mandible (closes jaw)

Temporalis

elevates and retracts mandible

Pterygoid muscle

Winglike muscle that raises, lowers, and allows side-to-side movement of the mandible.

What muscle elevates the velum

levator veli palatini

the bronchi branch out into

bronchioles

Where does the gas exchange occur

capillaries

How many pairs of ribs are there

12 pairs of ribs (7 true ribs, 3 false ribs, 2 floating ribs)

what happens when the rib cage elevates

Volume increases, pressure drops, air flows into the lungs (inhalation)

What is the diaphragm

muscle under the rib cage involved in breathing

Diaphragm descends during (Idea)

inspiration

Diaphragm elevates during

expiration

Second most important muscles to respiration

intercostals

Internal intercostals

depress ribs

External intercostals

elevates ribs

How does Boyle's law relate to breathing?

-as volume increases in a closed container, the pressure will decrease

vise versa, when the volume decreases in a closed container, the pressure will increase.

-when we change the volume of our thoracic cavity, for a moment there is a change in pressure, which will allow air to move in or out of the lungs

Types of expiration

passive and active

Sustained phonation

vocal folds held in a fixed position in the airstream - maintenance of a laryngeal posture through tonic (sustained) contraction of the musculature

What forces need to be overcome to allow for sustained phonation or speech production?

Musculature + Aerodynamic forces

*note: that comes from the slides. I have literally no idea what that means or if that'e even the right answer. Google doesn't know either. Whoops.

biological purpose of the respiratory system

Respiration + Phonation

Respiration for speech vs regular breathing

Speech:

-Abdominal wall + thoracic muscles muscles are recruited actively

-Inhale: 10%, Exhale 90%

-Rapid increase in alveolar pressure

Regular Breathing:

-Passive muscle usage

-Inhale 40%, Exhale 60%

-Alveolar pressure negative (inhalation)

Resting tidal volume

amount of air that enters the lungs during one cycle

inspiratory reserve volume

Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation

expiratory reserve volume

Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation

Residual Volume

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation

Vital capacity

The total volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation.

total lung capacity

vital capacity + residual volume

Alveolar pressure

pressure within the lungs

Pleural pressure

the pressure in the narrow space between the lung pleura and the chest wall pleura

Jaw moves to chew food

Masseter, geniohyoid, milohyoid

Jaw tears food

temporalis

Jaw grinds food

lateral/medial pterygoid

Tongue seep oral cavity/buccal cavity to gather food particles

superior and inferior longitudinal

Tongue makes a bolus

geniolglossus, superior/inferior longitudinal

Create a bowl around bolus

verticalus

buccinator

risorius

Buccal cavity (don't get food stuck here pls)

Vestibule of the oral cavity; the space between the lips, gums, and teeth.

back of tongue meets soft palate to contain bolus

palatoglossus + styloglossus

tongue elevates to squeeze bolus against hard palate

superior longitudinal, genioglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus

velum elevates to close off nasal cavity

levator veli palatini

posterior tongue squeezes bolus against hard palate to push bolus back

styloglossus, palatoglossus,

vocal folds adduct to close airway

lateral cricoarytenoid, oblique arytenoid, transverse arytenoid

vellum remains elevated

levator veli palatini

hyoid/larynx elevate

laryngeal elevators (suprahyoid)

epiglottis reflects horizontally

hyglossus, stylohyoid, thyrohyoid

pharynx connects at the top

constructors and longitudinal superior constrictors

cavity superior to oral cavity

Nasal cavity

these vibrate to produce phonation

vocal folds

Muscle that elevates and closes off the nasal cavity during pronunciation of consonants

velum

Vocal register is the lower limit of the pitch range

glottal fry

Instrument that measures lung volume

spirometer

Structure comprised of 16-20 cartilaginous rings

trachea

Cavity between teeth/gums and cheeks

Buccal cavity

Structure that closes airway in response to foreign objects

larynx

Tension of the vocal folds in crease, and ....

pitch rises

Quiet flow of air into and out of the lungs

tidal respiration

primary muscle of inspiration

diaphragm

Muscle of the larynx that abducts the vocal folds

posterior cricoarytenoid

During expiration, this force returns structures to original state

recoil forces

this volume cannot be voluntarily expelled

residual volume

Vowels that are longer in duration and have more acoustic power

tense vowels

Cavity of the larynx is considered to be entryway from the pharynx

adits

muscle that makes up most of the vocal folds

thyroarytenoid

this type of elf attack occurs when air flows prior to adduction of vocal folds

breathy attack

Consonant sounds that require the opening of the velopharyngeal port

nasals

velopharyngeal port

opening between oropharynx and nasopharynx

Consonants made by putting tongue against the bony ridge behind front teeth.

Alveolars

Also known as false vocal folds

ventricular folds

Ligaments that connect the larynx to adjacent structures

extrinsic ligaments

Muscle encircles the mouth and is shaped like an oval ring

orbicularis oris

Extrinsic muscle of the tongue is the largest and forms the bulk of the tongue

genioglossus

Air-filled sacs together at the terminal bronchioles

alveoli

Pouting muscle, lip protrusion and depression

mentalis muscle

structure is tree-like, connects trachea to lungs

bronchial tree

House and protect lungs and provide smooth, easy glide when breathing

pleurae