Paper 1 - definitions to learn.

plum pudding model

main body of the atom is composed of positively charged material with electrons randomly scattered through it

Nucleon number/mass number

number of protons and neutrons in nucleus of atom

proton number/atomic number

number of protons in nucleus of atom

strong nuclear force

short range force between hadrons

Photoelectric effect

where electrons are released from a metal surface as a result of exposure to electromagnetic radiation

thermionic emission

where electrons are released from a metal surface as a result of exposure to thermal energy

cathode ray

a beam of electrons

linear accelerator

machine that accelerates charged particles along a straight line

cyclotron

circular machine that accelerated charged particles, following a spiral path

synchrotron

machine that accelerates charged particles around a fixed circular path

bubble chamber

a particle detection system where the particles trigger bubbles to be created in superheated liquid

pair production

when a particle and its anti-matter equivalent are both created simultaneously in a conversion from energy

annihilation

where a particle and its anti-matter equivalent are both destroyed simultaneously in a conversion into energy (which is carried away by likely photons)

electronvolt

energy gained by an electron by passing through a voltage of 1V

quarks

six fundamental particles that interact using the strong nuclear force (and the 3 other forces)

Leptons

six fundamental particles which interact only with the other 3 fundamental forces (not strong nuclear force)

Anti particle

same mass, but all other properties opposite

Baryon

particle made up of 3 quarks

meson

particle made from a quark and antiquark

pion

meson created from any combination of up and down quark/anti quark

kaon

meson created from any combination of up or down quark / anti-quark and a strange/anti strange quark *OMG FIGURE THIS OUT