Working Memory and Levels of Processing (Parts 3 and 4)

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to Working Memory, its components, and Levels of Processing theories as presented in the lecture notes.

Working Memory (WM)

A system that includes processing and control functions in addition to holding information.

Central Executive (CE)

The component of Working Memory responsible for attention control and resource allocation.

Phonological Loop (PL)

A part of Working Memory that processes verbal and acoustic information, referred to as the 'Mind's Ear'.

Visuospatial Sketchpad (VSS)

A component of Working Memory that handles visual and spatial imagery, known as the 'Mind's Eye'.

Episodic Buffer

An additional component of Working Memory that integrates information from long-term memory.

Cowan's Embedded-Processes Model

A model suggesting Working Memory is an activated portion of long-term memory focused on current attention.

Fluid Intelligence (Gf)

The capacity for novel problem-solving abilities.

Crystallized Intelligence (Gc)

The accumulation of knowledge and skills over time.

Levels of Processing (LOP)

The theory positing that memory retention is influenced by the depth of processing rather than the location of storage.

Shallow Processing

Memory encoding focusing on surface features, leading to weak retention.

Deep Processing

Meaning-based memory encoding that results in stronger and more durable memories.

Yes Response Effect

The phenomenon where recalling words associated with a confirmation 'yes' during encoding enhances memory retrieval.

Baddeley’s Multicomponent Model

A model of Working Memory that contains several key components such as the Central Executive, Phonological Loop, and Visuospatial Sketchpad.

Meta-analysis (Melby-Lervåg & Hulme, 2013)

A review showing that gains in Working Memory training are task-specific with no evidence of increasing IQ.