Topic # 3: PROCESS OF CONCEPTION OVUM, SPERM CELL, AND ZYGOTE
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Flashcards covering gametogenesis, parts of the sperm and egg cells, fertilization, zygote development, and implantation.
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What is Gametogenesis?
The development of ova in women and sperm cells in men.
When does oogenesis occur?
Fetal life until 30 weeks of gestation.
When does spermatogenesis occur?
Continuously after puberty.
Which hormones control oogenesis?
GNRH, FSH, LH, Estrogen.
Which hormones control spermatogenesis?
GNRH, Testosterone, Growth Hormone.
How many mature germ cells develop from each primary cell during oogenesis?
One.
How many mature germ cells develop from each primary cell during spermatogenesis?
Four.
How many ova are produced during each reproductive cycle?
One during each reproductive cycle.
How many sperm cells are produced per ejaculation?
40-250 million sperm cells per ejaculation.
What is the size of an ovum?
Large, visible to the naked eye.
What is the size of a sperm cell compared to ovum?
Tiny compared with ovum.
What is the motility of an ovum?
Non-motile, carried from ovary to fallopian tube by cilia and fimbriae.
What is the motility of a sperm cell?
Moves with flagella (tail).
What is the chromosome complement of an ovum?
23 total chromosomes, 22 autosomes and one X sex chromosome.
What is the chromosome complement of a sperm cell?
23 total chromosomes, 22 autosomes and one X or one Y chromosome.
What are the parts of an egg cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, zona pellucida, and corona radiata.
What are the parts of a sperm cell?
Acrosomal cap, head, neck/midpiece, and tail.
What is the function of hyaluronidase released by sperm?
Dissolves the corona radiata.
What is the function of acrosin released by sperm?
Dissolves the zona pellucida.
What is fertilization?
Fusion of the nucleus of the sperm cell and egg cell.
Why does the plasma membrane undergo structural changes during fertilization?
To prevent other sperms from entering after fertilization.
What is a zygote composed of?
23 chromosomes from the father and 23 chromosomes from the mother.
For zygote development, what are the processes and their timelines?
72 hours after fertilization, 4th-8th day after fertilization, 8 days after fertilization.
What are the germ layers of the blastocyst?
Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
What are the stages of implantation?
Apposition, adhesion, invasion.
What are the portions of the uterus ideal for implantation?
1/3 in the anterior portion, and 2/3 in the posterior portion.
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
If the blastocyst is implanted anywhere outside the uterus.
What is an embryo?
An implanted zygote, 7 days after fertilization.
What is Gametogenesis?
The development of ova in women and sperm cells in men.
When does oogenesis occur?
Fetal life until 30 weeks of gestation.
When does spermatogenesis occur?
Continuously after puberty.
Which hormones control oogenesis?
GNRH, FSH, LH, Estrogen.
Which hormones control spermatogenesis?
GNRH, Testosterone, Growth Hormone.
How many mature germ cells develop from each primary cell during oogenesis?
One.
How many mature germ cells develop from each primary cell during spermatogenesis?
Four.
How many ova are produced during each reproductive cycle?
One during each reproductive cycle.
How many sperm cells are produced per ejaculation?
40-250 million sperm cells per ejaculation.
What is the size of an ovum?
Large, visible to the naked eye.
What is the size of a sperm cell compared to ovum?
Tiny compared with ovum.
What is the motility of an ovum?
Non-motile, carried from ovary to fallopian tube by cilia and fimbriae.
What is the motility of a sperm cell?
Moves with flagella (tail).
What is the chromosome complement of an ovum?
23 total chromosomes, 22 autosomes and one X sex chromosome.
What is the chromosome complement of a sperm cell?
23 total chromosomes, 22 autosomes and one X or one Y chromosome.
What are the parts of an egg cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, zona pellucida, and corona radiata.
What are the parts of a sperm cell?
Acrosomal cap, head, neck/midpiece, and tail.
What is the function of hyaluronidase released by sperm?
Dissolves the corona radiata.
What is the function of acrosin released by sperm?
Dissolves the zona pellucida.
What is fertilization?
Fusion of the nucleus of the sperm cell and egg cell.
Why does the plasma membrane undergo structural changes during fertilization?
To prevent other sperms from entering after fertilization.
What is a zygote composed of?
23 chromosomes from the father and 23 chromosomes from the mother.
For zygote development, what are the processes and their timelines?
72 hours after fertilization, 4th-8th day after fertilization, 8 days after fertilization.
What are the germ layers of the blastocyst?
Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
What are the stages of implantation?
Apposition, adhesion, invasion.
What are the portions of the uterus ideal for implantation?
1/3 in the anterior portion, and 2/3 in the posterior portion.
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
If the blastocyst is implanted anywhere outside the uterus.
What is an embryo?
An implanted zygote, 7 days after fertilization.
What is a fetus?
An embryo after 8 weeks of development.
What is considered the gestational age of a full term baby?
38-42 weeks.
What is quickening?
The initial maternal perception of fetal movement, usually between 16-20 weeks gestation.