Cellular Respiration (Amoeba sisters video)

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of cells, composed of adenosine and three phosphates.

Glycolysis

The first step in cellular respiration occurring in the cytoplasm where glucose is converted into pyruvate, yielding ATP and NADH.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

A process that uses oxygen to produce ATP from glucose in eukaryotic cells.

Krebs Cycle

Also known as the Citric Acid Cycle, a series of chemical reactions in the mitochondrial matrix that produces ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

NADH

A coenzyme that carries electrons and is produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, playing a critical role in ATP production.

FADH2

A coenzyme similar to NADH, used in the electron transport chain to transfer electrons for ATP production.

Electron Transport Chain

A series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane where electrons are transferred, generating ATP and water.

Chemiosmosis

Process where protons flow back across the mitochondrial membrane through ATP synthase, leading to ATP formation.

Fermentation

An anaerobic process where cells generate ATP without oxygen, less efficient than aerobic respiration.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through aerobic respiration.

What is cellular respiration?

A metabolic process that converts biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP and releases waste products.

What are the two main types of cellular respiration?

Aerobic respiration (requires oxygen) and anaerobic respiration (does not require oxygen).

What is the main purpose of glycolysis?

To break down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

In the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells.

What is the role of the electron transport chain?

To transfer electrons through a series of proteins, ultimately leading to the production of ATP.

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

The process in which ATP is formed as electrons are transferred through the electron transport chain, coupled with chemiosmosis.

How many ATP molecules are generated from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?

Up to 38 ATP molecules can be generated through aerobic respiration.

What is lactic acid fermentation?

An anaerobic process where glucose is converted into lactic acid and ATP, occurring in muscles during intense exercise.

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