Module 1: Part 1

Nutrition

Nutrition

It concerns the food people eat and how their bodies use it.

Council of Foods and Nutrition

According to the __, nutrition is the science of food, the nutrients, and other substances therein, their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease.

Yudkin

According to __, nutrition is the relationship between man and his food and implies the physiological, psychological, social, and biochemical aspects.

Nutrient

This refers to a chemical component needed by the body for its many functions.

To provide energy, to build and repair tissue, and to regulate bodily processes

What are the three major functions of nutrients?

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Minerals, Vitamins, and Water

Name 6 of the essential nutrients.

Function, Chemical Nature, Essentiality, and Concentration

Nutrients are classified according to their?

Essential nutrients

What do you call nutrients that cannot be synthesized by the body and are therefore required in the diet?

Macronutrients

What do you call nutrients that provide energy in the form of kcal and are needed by the body in large amounts?

Human nutrition

What do you call the process of meeting human health needs in the context of basic human personal needs by nutritional means?

Food security

This refers to enough food with a sense of quality and quantity. A person experiencing __ appropriately meets the nutritional needs of the body.

Food insecurity

The availability of safe and nutritious food or the ability to acquire them in socially acceptable ways is limited or uncertain.

Calorie

It refers to a unit of measurement of the amount of energy supplied by food.

Phytochemicals/Phytonutrients

These refer to pigments that act as antioxidants in the body and include colorful, shiny, and fresh food.

False

True or False: The functions of each cell are not maintained solely by the nutrients it receives.

True

True or False: Poor nutrition is not limited to undernourishment.

Deficiency

This refers to an inadequate nutritional intake that results in the depletion of tissue reserves of the nutrient.

Toxicity

This refers to excessive nutritional intake and results in the saturation of tissue reserves of the nutrient.

Conserve, eliminate

__ nutrients when dietary supply is low, and __ nutrients when there are excessively high amounts.

Iron, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin B12; Vitamin C and water; Low caloric intake; exceeds

Fill in the missing information. Separate answers per row with a semicolon*.*

Dietary origin

What is the cause of primary malnutrition?

Nutrigenomics

This refers to the relationship between human genes and nutrition and health.

Phenylketonuria

This inborn error of metabolism causes buildup of phenylalanine in the blood, leading to mental retardation and poor growth.

Galactosemia

This hereditary and inborn error of metabolism causes the inability to use galactose to produce energy, leading to problems in mobility, muscle strength, and speech.

Hemochromatosis

This disorder results in the absorption of more Fe that normal, which can lead to toxic effects on tissues.

Pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, children, people who are ill, and frail elderly persons

What groups of people are in greater need of nutrients?

Poor people

What group is at the highest risk for nutritional insults?

Age group needs, stress factors, health status, and basic human needs

What are the four basic frames of reference that help identify human needs in clients?

Food

This refers to any substance that when ingested or eaten, nourishes the body.