Chemistry Milestone 2

EOY revision

Positive ions

Atoms that lose electrons during ion formation.

Negative ions

Atoms that gain electrons during ion formation.

Dot and cross diagrams

Visual representation of electron transfer in ionic bonding.

Ionic bonding

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Ionic crystal

Giant 3-D lattice structure of ionic compounds.

Melting point

Temperature where solid becomes liquid; high in ionic compounds.

Boiling point

Temperature where liquid becomes gas; high in ionic compounds.

Electrical conductivity

Ability to conduct electricity; depends on ion mobility.

Electrolytes

Ionic compounds that conduct electricity in solution.

Cations

Positively charged ions formed from electron loss.

Anions

Negatively charged ions formed from electron gain.

Electrolysis

Process of breaking down ionic compounds using electricity.

Molar volume

Volume occupied by one mole of gas at rtp.

Group 1 reactivity

Increases down the group due to electron distance.

Group 7 reactivity

Decreases down the group due to electron configuration.

Oxidation

Gain of oxygen or loss of electrons.

Reduction

Loss of oxygen or gain of electrons.

Redox reactions

Reactions involving both oxidation and reduction processes.

Flame test

Identifies metal ions by color in flame.

Chlorine test

Bleaches damp litmus paper, indicating chlorine presence.

Hydrogen test

Squeaky pop sound when ignited in presence of hydrogen.

Copper(II) test

Blue precipitate forms with sodium hydroxide.

Iron(II) test

Green precipitate forms with sodium hydroxide.

Iron(III) test

Brown precipitate forms with sodium hydroxide.

Barium sulfate test

Dense white precipitate indicates sulfate presence.

Carbonate test

Cloudy limewater indicates carbon dioxide from reaction.