Photosynthesis and Metabolism

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to photosynthesis, including the processes involved, the structure of chloroplasts, and the roles of various molecules.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert solar energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

Chloroplast

The organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Light-dependent reactions

The first stage of photosynthesis that converts solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

Calvin Cycle

The cycle in photosynthesis that uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into glucose.

Photoautotrophs

Organisms that produce their own food using light, typically through photosynthesis.

Stomata

Small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange; they can open and close to regulate water loss.

Pigments

Molecules that absorb light energy; chlorophyll is the primary pigment in plants.

NADPH

A reduced electron carrier produced in light-dependent reactions, used in the Calvin Cycle.

ATP

A high-energy molecule that serves as the primary energy currency of cells.

RuBP (Ribulose bisphosphate)

The 5-carbon sugar molecule that reacts with CO2 in the Calvin Cycle.

G3P (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

The 3-carbon sugar produced in the Calvin Cycle that can be used to form glucose.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons from a molecule, often associated with a release of energy.

Reduction

The gain of electrons by a molecule, often associated with energy storage.

Electron transport chain

A series of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that transfer electrons from excited chlorophyll to produce ATP and NADPH.

Anoxygenic photosynthesis

Photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen; typical in purple and green bacteria.

Oxygenic photosynthesis

Photosynthesis that produces oxygen as a byproduct; typical in plants and cyanobacteria.