Philosophers

Midterm 2 (HONR 101A)

John Locke

People have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and governments exist to protect these rights.

Immanuel Kant

Morality comes from following universal principles that reason tells us are right for everyone.

Simone De Beauvoir

Society shapes what it means to be a woman; gender is something we learn, not something we are born with.

St Augustine

Humans find true happiness only by seeking and resting in God.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

People are born free, but society’s rules and inequalities limit their freedom.

Karl Marx

History is driven by class struggles, and society should aim for equality by sharing resources.

Thomas Paine

People have the right to self-government, and revolution is justified when governments are unjust.

William James

The value of an idea lies in its practical effects and usefulness in guiding our actions.

Rene Descartes

We can only be certain of what we know through careful reasoning and doubt of everything else.

Plato

The physical world is imperfect; true knowledge comes from understanding ideal forms and justice.

Thomas Hobbes

Without a strong government, human life would be chaotic, violent, and short.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Women should have the same educational and social opportunities as men to be truly free and equal.

Voltaire

People must be free to think and speak without censorship, guided by reason and tolerance.

B.F. Skinner

Human behavior is shaped by rewards and punishments in the environment, not by free will alone.

Mary Astell

Women should be educated and empowered to think for themselves, just as men are.