Meiosis

Anisogamy 

when gametes exhibit size dimorphism (A larger gamete and a smaller gamete fuse)

hermaphrodite

an organism that produces eggs and sperm

isogamy

all gametes are the same size

Autosomes

the 22 pairs of chromosomes that arent sex chromosomes

Sex chromosomes

The 23rd pair of chromosomes that determine an individual’s biological sex

homologous chromosomes

pair of chromosomes in a diploid organism. One inherited from each parent

Bivalent chromosomes

a structure formed during meiosis I when two homologous chromosomes pair up side by side.

Ploidy

number of copies of chromosomes in an organism. (Ex. haploid (N) is one copy of a genome distributed among chromosomes and Diploid (2N) is two copies)

Gene

produces a functional molecule and resides one single location of a chromosomes (ex. gene for eye color)

Allele

one of the many possible versions of said gene (ex. allele for purple eyes).

Aneuploidy

a different number of chromosomes than the species average.