Neurological Rehabilitation Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from a neurological rehabilitation course, including nervous system basics, motor systems, functional mobility, sensory systems, and common neurological conditions.

What is the main function of neurons in the nervous system?

Transmit electrical impulses

Name the types of glial cells

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, microglia

Which part of the neuron receives input signals?

Dendrites

What is the role of the myelin sheath?

Insulation, speeds conduction

What type of signal is released at the synapse?

Chemical signal (neurotransmitter)

What does CNS stand for?

Central Nervous System (Brain + spinal cord)

What are clusters of neurons called in the CNS?

Nuclei

What is the function of sensory neurons?

Afferent (bring information into the brain)

What is the function of motor neurons?

Efferent (send messages out from the brain to muscles)

Give an example of a voluntary motor control circuit.

Writing

Which motor system tract is primarily responsible for voluntary movement?

Corticospinal/Corticobulbar tracts

Which tract is for posture and locomotion?

Reticulospinal tract

What two neurons work together for motor control?

UMN (Upper) and LMN (Lower)

What is hypertonicity?

Spasticity, rigid Muscles

What is hypotonicity?

Floppy, low tone

What is the definition of primitive reflexes?

Automatic at birth, disappear with development (e.g. grasp, Moro)

Give examples of mobility barriers?

Stairs, uneven surfaces, tight spaces

Give example of mobility enablers?

Ramps, automatic doors, grab rails, accessible transport

Give some common mobility issues

Weakness, spasticity, poor balance

Give examples of OT interventions

Assistive devices, retraining, home mods

What does the vestibular system detect?

Head position and movement

What common disabilities may be associated with the vestibular system?

Vertigo, balance issues, dizziness

List two protective sensations

pain, temperature

List two discriminative sensations

touch, proprioception, vibration

List locations for 1, 2 and 3 order neurons

1⁰ (primary), 2⁰ (spinal cord/brainstem), 3⁰ (thalamus to cortex)

List the subdivisions of sensory systems

Dorsal Column, Anterolateral/Spinothalamic, Trigeminal

List assessment tools for sensory systems

Semmes-Weinstein, 2-point discrimination, localisation

List sensory interventions

Desensitisation, Sensory re-education, Compensation

List visual disorders.

hemianopia, diplopia, neglect

List cognitive/perceptual disorders.

apraxia, agnosia, neglect

List cognitive assessments.

MoCA, MMSE, PRPP, BIT

List cognitive approaches.

restorative, compensatory, metacognitive

List cognitive interventions.

errorless learning, cueing, strategy training

Give examples of equipment for OT intervention.

TENS, Saebo, robotic arms, functional e-stim

Give clinical application of TENS, SABEO, robotic arms, functional e-stim.

Pain, motor retraining, strengthening, function

Give some disorders associated with stroke (Cerebrovascular Disorders).

Ischaemic, haemorrhagic strokes

Give some deficits associated with stroke.

hemiplegia, dysphagia, dysarthria, neglect

Give some screening processes for stroke.

swallow test, speech clarity, motor tests

Give Rehab Approaches for stroke.

task-specific training, CIMT, mirror therapy

Give professionals that make up the stroke patient team.

OT, PT, SP, SW, neuropsych, dietitian

Give conditions associated with degenerative and traumatic conditions.

MS, Parkinson's, TBI, SCI

Give deficits associated with degenerative and traumatic conditions.

tremors, rigidity, spasticity, memory loss