English World lit 1

What was the Enlightenment?

An intellectual and cultural movement emphasizing reason, science, and individualism over tradition and religion.

What is another name for the Enlightenment?

The Age of Reason.

What characterized the Neo-Classical Period?

Influence from ancient Greece and Rome, emphasizing order, rationality, and decorum.

What was the Commonwealth?

The period when England was ruled as a republic after the Civil War, led by Oliver Cromwell.

What marked the Restoration in 1660?

The return of King Charles II and a resurgence of drama and indulgence.

What did Enlightenment thinkers value as central to understanding and reforming society?

Reason.

How did the Enlightenment critique social and political hierarchy?

It viewed the ranking system as rigid and unjust.

What is satire?

A literary device using humor, irony, and exaggeration to expose human folly.

What type of satire is Juvenalian?

Harsh, biting satire, as seen in Swift's A Modest Proposal.

What defines Horatian satire?

Light-hearted, playful satire, exemplified by Pope's The Rape of the Lock.

What is deism?

The belief that God created the universe but does not intervene in it.

Who was John Locke?

An Enlightenment philosopher who argued for natural rights and government by consent.

What is tabula rasa?

Locke's theory that the human mind starts as a blank slate shaped by experience.

What was Denis Diderot known for?

Being the chief editor of the Encyclopédie, spreading Enlightenment ideas.

What was Immanuel Kant's rallying cry for the Enlightenment?

"Dare to Know."

Who was Sir Isaac Newton?

A scientist who revolutionized physics and symbolized reason and empirical observation.

What does decorum refer to in literature?

The principle of matching style to subject.

What is didactic literature?

Literature meant to teach a moral or lesson.

What is A Modest Proposal?

Swift’s satire suggesting the poor Irish sell their babies as food to the rich.

What does the proposal in A Modest Proposal critique?

British exploitation and heartless economic policies.

What analogy does Swift use to criticize commodification in A Modest Proposal?

He compares babies to livestock for sale.

What is the theme of Swift's poem "The Lady’s Dressing Room"?

Satirizing the artificiality of feminine beauty.

Who does Celia represent in Swift's work?

Idealized womanhood before the hidden truth is revealed.

What does Strephon symbolize in Swift's satire?

The disillusioned man discovering women's dirty secrets.

What is the central theme of Voltaire's Candide?

Mocking optimism and blind faith.

Who is the character Pangloss in Candide?

The embodiment of absurd blind optimism.

What does the Great Chain of Being represent?

A hierarchical order of life set by God.

How does Voltaire's Candide portray the Seven Years War?

As a brutal conflict that shatters optimism.

What does James the Anabaptist represent in Candide?

Compassion and practical goodness.

What is the significance of the Lisbon Earthquake in Candide?

It shatters belief in divine justice and optimism.

What major hypocrisy does Tartuffe by Molière expose?

Religious hypocrisy.

Who is Orgon in Tartuffe?

A character representing gullibility and blind faith.

What does Cleante symbolize in Molière's Tartuffe?

Rational thinking and Enlightenment ideals.

What does Dorine represent in Tartuffe?

The voice of reason with sharp wit.

Who is Valere in Tartuffe?

The character representing true love over social status.