Isomerism: Co-ordination Compounds, Chemistry, NEET

Geometric Isomerism

Geometric isomerism in coordination compounds occurs due to different spatial arrangements of ligands around the central metal atom, leading to cis and trans isomers.

Optical Isomerism

Optical isomerism arises when coordination compounds can form non-superimposable mirror images, known as enantiomers, affecting the plane of polarized light.

Linkage Isomerism

Linkage isomerism occurs when a ligand can coordinate to a metal center through different donor atoms, leading to isomers with distinct properties.

Ionization Isomerism

Ionization isomerism arises in coordination compounds when exchange of ligands between the complex ion and counter ions leads to isomers with different ions in solution.

Facial Isomer

A facial isomer in coordination chemistry has three identical ligands occupying adjacent positions on the same face of an octahedral complex.

Meridional Isomer

In a meridional isomer, three identical ligands and the central metal atom form a plane along a meridian of the octahedral complex.

Hydration Isomerism

Hydration isomerism occurs in complexes where the number of water molecules either inside or outside the coordination sphere differs among isomers.

Coordination Isomerism

Coordination isomerism is observed in coordination compounds with multiple metal centers where ligands can exchange between different metals.

Square Planar Complex Isomerism

Square planar complex isomerism occurs when ligands are arranged around a central atom in different patterns, affecting the chemical properties of the compound.

Tetrahedral Complex Isomerism

Tetrahedral complex isomerism is rare due to the symmetrical nature of the geometry, but can occur in ligands with different spatial configurations.

Structural Isomerism

Structural isomerism involves coordination compounds with the same molecular formula but different connections between atoms or arrangements.

Cis-Trans Isomerism in Octahedral Complexes

Cis-trans isomerism in octahedral complexes occurs when two identical ligands are adjacent or opposite to each other across the central metal atom.

Chiral Complexes

Chiral complexes have non-superimposable mirror images due to asymmetric arrangements of ligands around the central atom, leading to distinct enantiomers.

Constitutional Isomerism

Constitutional isomerism involves changes in the arrangement or type of bonds among atoms within coordination complexes, leading to different structures.

Rotational Stereoisomers

Rotational stereoisomers result from restricted rotation around certain bonds in coordination compounds, leading to distinct isomers with varying spatial arrangements.

Dynamic Stereoisomerism

Dynamic stereoisomerism occurs when isomers readily convert between forms due to ligand movement or interaction with the environment.

Polymerization Isomerism

Polymerization isomerism involves different structural forms resulting from diverse polymerization patterns of identical molecular units.

Ring Chain Isomerism

Ring chain isomerism is observed in coordination compounds with ligands capable of forming cyclic structures or open chains, impacting the stability and reactivity.

Conformational Isomerism

Conformational isomerism arises from different spatial arrangements of atoms resulting from rotation around single bonds in coordination compounds.

Pseudo-Stereoisomerism

Pseudo-stereoisomerism refers to apparent isomerism due to similar steric arrangements that arise from different core geometries.

Trinuclear Isomerism

Trinuclear isomerism occurs in clusters with three metal centers, where distinct arrangements of metal and ligands affect the properties and reactivity.