History of Ottoman Empire Quiz 3

Edirne

Captured 1360s, European Ottoman territory. Ottoman capital before Constantinople; major base for European expansion

Thrace/Rumelia/Rumeli

Southeastern Europe/Balkans. Ottoman name for its European territories.

Murad I

1362–1389 Ottoman sultan who expanded into Balkans; made Edirne the capital; died at Kosovo.

Battle of Kosovo

1389 Murad I vs. Serbian-led forces. Strengthened Ottoman control in Balkans; Murad died.

Battle of Ankara

1402 Bayezid I vs. Timur. Timur defeated and captured Bayezid, causing Ottoman crisis.

Ottoman Interregnum

1402–1413 Civil war among Bayezid's sons for the throne; ended with Mehmed I's victory

Sheykh Bedreddin

Religious scholar/rebel. In early 1400s. Led a major revolt during the Interregnum.

Tamerlane/Timur

Central Asian conqueror. Defeated Bayezid at Ankara in 1402.

Bayezid I

Ottoman sultan who rapidly expanded empire; was defeated/captured at Ankara

Unigeniture

Inheritance by one heir. Helps explain succession and struggles among Ottoman princes.

Janissary

Elite Ottoman infantry/soldiers. Served the sultan directly.

Devshirme

System recruiting Christian boys from conquered territories for state/military service. Supplied Janissaries and officials.

Timar

Land grant between the 14th and 16th centuries, supported cavalry and state administration

Sipahi

Ottoman cavalrymen. Received timars in exchange for military service.

Sultan

Ottoman ruler

Vassal

Subordinate ruler/state owing loyalty, tribute, or military service to a stronger ruler. Ottomans used vassal relationships to control territories without directly governing them.