chapter 13 Gene expression and regulation (textbook)

Messenger RNA

The molecule that carries the genetic information of DNA from nucleus to the cytoplasm to be used in protein synthesis is

Stop codon

What type of codon signals the end of a protein synthesis on a ribosome?

UAAGCAUC

If the template strand of DNA reads ATTCGTAG, then what is the RNA sequence that will be transcribed from this

Transcription

Synthesis of RNA from the instructions in DNA is called

Translation

Synthesis of a protein from the instructions in mRNA is called

Ribosome

Which structure in the cell is a site of protein synthesis

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

The three types of RNA that are essential for protein synthesis are ________, _______, and ________

Non-coding RNA

Another type of RNA, which can interfere with translation, is called

Three

The genetic code uses _____ bases to code for a single amino acid

Codon

The sequence of bases that codes for an amino acid in mRNA is called a

Anti-codon

The complementary sequence of the bases that code for an amino acid and tRNA is called

RNA polymerase

The enzyme ______ Synthesize RNA from the instructions of DNA

Template

For any given gene, only one DNA strand, called the _______ strand, is transcribed

Promotor

To begin transcribing a gene, this enzyme binds to a specific sequence of DNA bases located at the beginning of the gene. This DNA sequence is called the __________

Termination signal

Transcription ends when the enzyme encounters a DNA sequence at the end of the gene called the _________

Start, stop

Translation begins with the ________ codon of mRNA and continues until a _______ codon is reached

Transfer RNA

Individual amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by ________

Peptide

The amino acids are linked into a protein by _______ bonds

Substitution

If one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide, this mutation is called _______

Insertion

_______ Mutations occur if one or more nucleotides are added in the middle of a gene

Deletion

______ Mutations occur if one or more nucleotides are removed from the middle of a gene