Latin Verb Endings, Cases, and Grammar Rules for Beginners

What is the 3rd person singular perfect ending?

-it (he/she/it)

What is the 1st person plural perfect ending?

-imus (we)

What is the 2nd person plural perfect ending?

-istis (you plural)

What is the 3rd person plural perfect ending?

-ērunt / -ēre (they)

What are the present/imperfect personal endings?

-ō/m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt

What are the infinitive endings for verbs?

-āre, -ēre, -ere, -īre = 'to VERB'.

What is a transitive verb?

A verb that takes a direct object.

What is an intransitive verb?

A verb that does NOT take a direct object.

What is declension in grammar?

A noun 'family' with shared endings.

What is the accusative case used for?

Used for DIRECT OBJECT; also object of certain prepositions.

What is the ablative case used for?

Used for object of certain prepositions.

What is the 1st declension nominative singular ending?

-a

What is the 2nd declension nominative singular ending?

-us or -- (some are -er)

What is the 3rd declension accusative singular ending?

-em

What does the annotation symbol 'circle' signify?

Circle nominative subjects + circle verb personal endings.

What does the clause rule state?

Each conjugated verb (has a personal ending) = one clause.

ab/ā + abl

from, away from

ad + acc

to, for; at

cum + abl

with, along with, together with

dē + abl

from, down from; about, concerning

ex/ē + abl

from, out of

in + acc

into, onto; against (people)

per + acc

through, throughout; by (means of)

sub + abl

under; down in; at the foot of

sub + acc

under; to the foot of; up to the foot of

et

and; also; even

aut

or

-que

and

sed

but

agō, agere, ēgī (tr)

to do, drive

amō, amāre, amāvī (tr)

to love, like

audiō, audīre, audīvī (tr)

to hear, listen (to); obey

dīcō, dīcere, dīxī (tr)

to say, speak, tell

dūcō, dūcere, dūxī (tr)

to lead, draw (out)

eō, īre, īvī/iī (intr)

to go

veniō, venīre, vēnī (intr)

to come, arrive

videō, vidēre, vīdī (tr)

to see

capiō, capere, cēpī (tr)

to take; to charm; to cheat

dō, dare, dedī (tr)

to give, offer

habeō, habēre, habuī (tr)

to have, hold; to consider

parō, parāre, parāvī (tr/intr)

to prepare, make ready; to get ready

petō, petere, petiī/petīvī (tr)

to head for; attack; ask for; look for

possum, posse, potuī (intr)

to be able

sum, esse, fuī (intr)

to be

volō, velle, voluī (tr)

to want, wish; intend

legō, legere, lēgī (tr)

to choose, pick; gather; read

mittō, mittere, mīsī (tr)

to send; to let go

bellum, bellō (n)

war

corpus, corpore (n)

body

rēx, rēge (m)

king