APWH Semester 1 Final

This medieval person left her family at the age of 40 to travel and preach her visions of God to the world

Margery Kempe

This was how China centralized their government and hired qualified people into government positions

Civil Service Exams

This high caloric agricultural product created a food surplus in China and a population boom

Champa Rice

This system supported the economic and political power of Song China

Tributary System

These Muslim scholars focused on a spiritual connection with Allah and were popular in India but not with traditional Muslim Scholars

Sufis

The Islamic Scholars preserved these texts after the fall of Rome

Greek and Roman Texts

This is a special tax non-Muslims must pay in the Islamic empire, but they maintain religious freedom

Jizya

The Aztecs created this by conquering other city-states and bringing them into their empire

Tribute System

This is the title of the traveling history keepers in sub-Saharan Africa

Griot

This was the political system used in Europe during the Middle Ages, where land was exchanged for loyalty and military service

Feudalism

This was the economic system used in Europe during the Middle Ages, where service/food was exchanged for protection

Manorialism

This was the main unifying force in Europe during the Middle Ages

Catholic Church

Southeast Asian empires were heavily influenced by trade but the empires were

Decentralized

This person ruled the empire of Mali and took a famous hajj to Mecca

Mansa Musa

This person traveled all through Africa and Asia and catalogued his travels for the Muslim empires

Ibn Battuta

The Mongols created this system to work as a messaging system along the Silk Road

Yam

The Mongols used this to increase loyalty in conquered areas

Religious Tolerance

These innovations improved transportation along the Silk Road

Compass, Caravans, Saddles, Shipbuilding

These are inns on the Silk Road that led to further trade along the Silk Road

Caravanserai

As a result of long-distance trade, coin money quickly was replaced by this

Flying Cash or Paper Money

Trade on the Indian Ocean led to the spread of this religion

Islam

This Muslim city-state grew powerful because of revenue from trade rather than agricultural or manufacturing production, by charging each boat a tax to pass through the strait

Malacca

Merchants were able to trade across the Indian Ocean due to knowledge of these

Monsoon Winds

Due to increased trade with the Mongols along the Silk Road, this spread to Europe with horrific consequences

Black Plague

This person was a European traveler who went as far as China in search of trade opportunities

Marco Polo

This was a tactic used by Mongols in conquered areas to maintain order and have a well-run bureaucracy

Moving Officials to Different Areas

This person is credited for creating the printing press in Europe

Johannes Gutenberg

This person took control of Russia from the Mongols and expanded using gunpowder

Ivan the Terrible

This person brought the Ottoman Empire to its height by conquering land all the way into Europe

Suleiman I

This person presided over the Safavid Empire at its height

Shah Abbas I

This Mughal leader had one of the richest and best-governed empires, as well as attempted to create a new religion

Akbar I

This person is the perfect example of an absolute monarch with the way he ruled France

Louis XIV

The highly fortified city of Constantinople was able to be taken by the Ottomans by using these

Siege Weapons and Gunpowder

This is the idea that a monarch is appointed and anointed by God, therefore only answers to God

Divine Right of Kings

This Ottoman system staffed the military using Christian boys stolen from their homes and forcing them to serve

Devshirme System

These are the elite Ottoman Devshirme of the military that were afforded upward mobility

Janissaries

The Mughal bureaucratic elites were in charge of duties like taxation

Zamindars

This Japanese government consolidated power by ending the feudal system and forcing loyalty from daimyo by forcing their families to stay in the capital

Tokugawa Shogunate

Name some examples of monumental architecture that rulers used to legitimize power in Period III

Palace of Versailles, Taj Mahal, Winter Palace, Suleymaniye Mosque, Hagia Sophia

This person encouraged maritime exploration and trade by founding a navigational school and paying for expeditions along Africa’s Atlantic coast

Prince Henry the Navigator

This person sailed all the way to India from Portugal

Vasco da Gama

This person sailed from the Atlantic Ocean to the northern US, founding part of what is now Canada for France

Jacques Cartier

This person aligned with Portugal to try and protect her kingdom from neighboring kingdoms and the slave trade, but eventually she resisted Dutch rule

Ana Nzinga

This nation was at the forefront of maritime trade at the beginning of the 1500s

Portugal

These two nations reverted to isolationism to limit outside influence on their culture in the 1600s

Japan, Ming China

This is the term for the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

Columbian Exchange

The British and French sailed west looking for this route to Asia, to no success

Northwest Passage

This is the concept of the colony only being able to trade with the mother country to ensure economic expansion

Mercantilism

This is when private individuals finance exploration expeditions and trade

Joint-Stock Companies

This is one effect of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa

Unstable Governments, Reduced Population, Disrupted Demographics

When Indigenous people were forced to work agricultural farms in the New World to grow wheat, fruit, vegetables, sugar

Hacienda

This mineral was mined in the Western Hemisphere and fueled wealth for Spain and China

Silver

Three items Europeans brought from the Americas

Maize, Potatoes, Tomatoes

One item Europeans brought from Africa

Slaves

Three items Europeans brought from Asia

Spices, Silk, Porcelain

What Middle Eastern kingdom repeatedly challenged Portuguese in the Indian Ocean

Ottoman Empire

Who were the five European maritime empires

Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, France, England

Christopher Columbus was supported by which country in his exploration to “The New World”

Spain

What is the goal of the economic theory of Mercantilism

Maximize Exports, Accumulate Wealth for Mother Country

Which country was most interested in maritime exploration

Portugal

Ferdinand Magellan is credited as being the first explorer to

Circumnavigate the Globe

Vasco da Gama is credited as being the first European explorer to

Reach India by Sea

Which French explorer claimed parts of Canada for France in an attempt to find a route to Asia

Jacques Cartier

The Spanish coming into contact with the Aztecs and Incas led to

Conquest, Colonization, and Resource Extraction

What country settled in the east coast of the United States and built a settlement called Jamestown

England

What country settled in Canada (Quebec) but did not settle for very long

France

The Columbian Exchange was named for

Christopher Columbus

As a result of the Europeans bringing diseases to the Americas, the Indigenous population of the Americas fell by

90%

What were the diseases Europeans brought to the New World

Smallpox, Measles, Influenza, Typhus

Why was the arrival of the horse in the Americas important

Increased Mobility for Hunting and Warfare

What was Brazil the perfect climate to grow

Sugarcane

What are cash crops

Crops Grown for Sale Rather Than Personal Use

Europeans exchanged for enslaved Africans with the Kingdom of Dahomey

Guns and Goods

How did Benin artisans depict Europeans from the 16th century

In Art with Exaggerated Features and Wealth

The British set up trading posts in which large country

India

Why was Portugal able to control trade in the Indian Ocean

Naval Power and Strategic Ports

Europeans purchased enslaved people from which part of Africa

West Africa

Why was enslaved people’s journey across the Atlantic known as the Middle Passage

Harsh, Deadly Voyage Across the Ocean

What is the Commercial Revolution

Expansion of Trade, Banking, and Mercantile Activity in Europe

What trading advantage did the Dutch have over other countries

Strong Navy and Merchant Fleet

Describe the flow of materials through the Triangular Trade

Europe Gave Goods to Africa, Africa Gave Slaves to Americas, Americas Gave Raw Materials to Europe

Who were viceroys

Colonial Officials Ruling Spanish Territories in the Americas

By 1750, what group enjoyed political dominance in New Spain

Peninsulares

Who was Ana Nzinga

Queen in Central Africa Who Resisted Portuguese and Dutch Colonial Control

What was the Maratha Empire in India upset at the spread of

Mughal Islamic Control

The Pueblo and Apache fought Spanish colonizers who were trying to spread which religion

Christianity

Who fought in the Maroon wars

Escaped Slaves vs European Colonizers

In which country did the Cossacks live

Russia

Why did Yemelyan Pugachev lead a rebellion against Catherine the Great

To Protest Serf Oppression; Rebellion Crushed and Serfdom Reinforced

What was the power struggle in England centered around

Parliament vs Monarchy

What was the end result of the Glorious Revolution

Constitutional Monarchy Established

What was the timar system

Ottoman Land Grant System in Exchange for Military Service

While the Ottomans invited Jews exiled from Spain in 1492, what were three ways they did not have full equality

Limited Political Power, Extra Taxes, Restricted Social Mobility

Which Mughal leader was religiously tolerant

Akbar I

Roxelana was a woman that

Influenced Ottoman Politics as Suleiman’s Wife

The Manchu people were from _ and ruled China as the Dynasty

Manchuria, Qing Dynasty

What was the braided pigtail hairstyle called that the Manchu forced upon Chinese males

Queue

Qing Dynasty officials massacred _ who refused to assimilate to Qing culture

Resisting Chinese Populations, Such as Han Rebels

In Europe, what group was one level above the aristocracy in social hierarchy

Gentry or Bourgeoisie

What determined your place in the social hierarchy in Latin America

Racial Ancestry and Birth