Medications/Drugs

Aspirin

Mechanism of Action:

Anti Platelet Aggregate & Anti-Inflammatory

Inhibits Platelet aggregation and arterial constriction

Reduces the spread of inflammation

Aspirin

Indications:

Cardiac related chest pain (1)

Aspirin

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity, GI Bleeding

Aspirin

Route of Administration:

Oral (PO)

Aspirin

Adult Dose:

81-324 mg

Aspirin

Pediatric Dose:

NONE

(may cause Reyes Syndrome)

Aspirin

Special Considerations:

Supplement home dose if taken within last 24 hours

Epinephrine

Mechanism of Action:

Sympathetic Response

Alpha 1 Agonist: Vasoconstriction

Beta 1 Agonist: Positive Chronotropy (HR), Inotropy (Contractility), Dromotropy (Excitability)

Beta 2 Agonist: Bronchodilation

Epinephrine

Indications:

Anaphylaxis

Known history of asthema/RAD AND impending respiratory failure

Epinephrine

Contraindications:

NONE (1)

Epinephrine

Route of Administration:

Intramuscular (IM)

Epinephrine

Adult Dose (>25kg, 55lbs):

0.3 mg

Epinephrine

Pediatric Dose (<25kg, 55lbs):

0.15 mg

Epinephrine

Special Considerations:

Contact medical control for additional dosing

Glucose

Mechanism of Action:

A simple sugar (monosaccharide) required for cellular metabolism

Glucose

Indications:

Hypoglycemia (BGL <60)

Glucose

Contraindications:

Unable to follow commands, Unresponsive, Unable to swallow

Glucose

Route of Administration:

Oral (PO) (PRIMARILY) & Buccal (between cheek and gums)

Glucose

Adult Dose:

1 commercially prepared tube (15g)

Glucose

Pediatric Dose:

1 commercially prepared tube (15g)

Glucose

Special Considerations:

Recheck BGL in 5 minutes

Naloxone

Mechanism of Action:

Binds to opioid receptors, inhibiting opioid receptor permeability

Naloxone

Indications:

Suspected Opioid Overdose

Coma of Unknown Origin

Naloxone

Contraindications:

NONE (2)

Naloxone

Route of Administration:

Intranasal (IN) (PRIMARILY) & Intramuscular (IM)

Naloxone

Adult Dose:

2-4 mg every 3-5 min up to 10 mg max

Naloxone

Pediatric Dose:

2-4 mg every 3-5 min up to 10 mg max

Naloxone

Special Considerations:

Ventilate before administering Narcan to fix hypoxia

Patient may vomit or become violent on wakening

Oxygen

Mechanism of Action:

Provides essential gas exchange for aerobic metabolism.

Oxygen

Indications:

Hypoxia

Suspected respiratory or cardiac compromise

Any condition where oxygen saturation is low

Oxygen

Contraindications:

NONE (3)

Oxygen

Route of Administration:

Inhalation (1)

Oxygen

Adult Dose:

Non-rebreather mask at 10-15 L/min

Nasal cannula at 1-6 L/min (24% to 44% O2)

Bag-mask device (BVM) at 15 L/min for non-breathing patient

Oxygen

Pediatric Dose:

Non-rebreather mask at 10-15 L/min (24% to 44% O2)

Nasal cannula at 2-6 L/min (Up to 90% O2)

Bag-mask device (BVM) at 15 L/min for non-breathing patients (Nearly 100% O2)

Oxygen

Special Considerations:

Must provide artificial ventilation if the patient is not breathing

Ensure no open fames, lit cigarettes, or sparks are present when administering oxygen

Albuterol Sulfate

Mechanism of Action:

Bronchodilation

Albuterol Sulfate

Indications:

Bronchospasm associated with Asthma/COPD

Albuterol Sulfate

Contraindications:

Pulmonary Edema

Albuterol Sulfate

Route of Administration:

Inhalation (2)

Albuterol Sulfate

Adult Dose:

1-2 puff every 3-5 minutes (max 6 puffs)

Albuterol Sulfate

Pediatric Dose:

1-2 puff every 3-5 minutes (max 6 puffs)

Albuterol Sulfate

Special Considerations:

May use a spacer if patient needs it

Nitroglycerin

Mechanism of Action:

Vasodilator effect on smoot muscles in peripheral vasculature

Reduces cardiac oxygen demand by decreasing preload and afterload

Dilates coronary arteries to increase heart blood flow

Nitroglycerin

Indications:

Cardiac related chest pain (2)

Nitroglycerin

Contraindications:

Shock

Increased ICP
ED (Erectile Dysfunction) meds in the last 24 hours

Hypotension (<100 systolic blood pressure)

*Common ED meds: Sildenafil (Viagra), Tadalafil (Cialis), Vardenafil (Levitra)*

Nitroglycerin

Route of Administration:

Sublingual (SL)

Nitroglycerin

Adult Dose:

0.4 mg every 3-5 minutes (max 3 dose)

Nitroglycerin

Pediatric Dose:

NONE

Nitroglycerin

Special Considerations:

May use pills or spray variant