Anatomy - BRAIN (part dos)

about cerebrum heehee (i wanna die) and cerebrum cortex

What is cerebrum divided into

Left and right hemisphere

What is cerebrum separated by

longitudinal fissure

3 white matter tracts

Association/Commissural/projection fibers

Projection fibers direction

From brain down spinal cord

Commissural fibers

between hemispheres (from one side of brain to the other

Association fibers

same side of brain

cerebral cortex in charge of

Conscious mind/senses/thoughts/voluntary movement

Left controls right and right controls left

Brain is contralateral

Each hemisphere has 4 lobes which are

Frontal/Parietal/Occipital/Temporal

Frontal lobe parts (Five!)

Prefrontal cortex/Motor Association area/Primary Motor Area/Broca’s Area/Orbitofrontal cortex

What does prefrontal cortex do

Intellect/cognition/judgement/plan/emotional expression and behavior/impulse control/decision-making/problem solving

Pre-frontal cortex fully developed by

25 years old!

Who had damaged PFC (prefrontal cortex) and acted rudely?

Phineas Gage

What does Motor Association Area in frontal lobe do?

Muscle behavior/store patterns/contractions/send 2 primary motor cortex

What does primary motor cortex do?

Conscious control of Skeletal muscle (Contraction and voluntary movement)

primary motor cortex examples

Piano/texting!

Broca’s area

Left hemisphere. Muscles for speaking (Breathing/throat/jaws/lips/hands etc)

Where does info from Broca’s area sends to

Primary Motor Cortex (PMC) and somatic motor neurons

What if Broca’s area is damaged?

Can’t form words correctly. Comprehension stays the same

Orbitofrontal cortex

Receive info from primary gustatory and olfactory (aka taste/smell)

Taste and smell are connected!

TRUE

What does the limbic system contain

Hippocampus/Amygdala

Limbic system in charge of

Memory/generates and regulates emotion/gratification and aversion center

3 parts of cerebrum

Cortex/limbic system/basal nuclei

What area tells you to stop eating?

Hypothalamus!

Parts of limbic system (2!)

Hippocampus/amygdala

Hippocampus for…

Memory!

Amygdala

Generating/regulating emotion. Gratification and aversion! (pleasant and unpleasant feelings)

Brainstem injury kills you!

TRUE

Parts of brainstem

Midbrain/pons/medulla oblongata

What does Medulla Oblongata do? (4 things!)

Heart/Blood pressure. Breathing/Sensory/Motor

What does motor function in brainstem do?

Chew/swallow/vomit/cough/ALL movements below neck.

All tracts from Primary Motor Cortex pass through

the Medulla!

cerebellum

Muscle coordination

Does alcohol affect the cerebellum?

yessss

Categorical (left) hemisphere in charge of

Spoken/written language; analytical/sequential patterns

Representational (Right) hemisphere in charge of

Imagination/music/art/pattern/spatial surroundings

2 types of amnesia

Anterograde/Retrograde

Anterograde Amnesia

No new short term memory

Retrograde amnesia

Can’t remember past

What is Memory Consolidation (Hippocampus role)

Plays short term memories over and over into cerebral cortex → become long term memory

Hippocampus damage results in

Anterograde amnesia

Amygdala

Emotional HQ (w/PFC)

What is Amygdala in charge of

Sense fear/sexual behavior/influence visceral motor systems.

What if amygdala is destroyed?

Hypersexuality/fearlessness/disinhibited behavior

What serves as the connection between emotion and organs?

the Amygdala serves as connection!