Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Comprehensive Review Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering core mental health legislation, neurobiology, stress and crisis models, psychodynamic theories, personality disorders, psychopathology, psychopharmacology, and therapeutic communication techniques from nursing review notes.

Republic Act No. 11036

Also known as the Mental Health Act in the Philippines; it establishes a national mental health policy, protects rights, and integrates mental health care into health systems, schools, workplaces, and communities.

Republic Act No. 12080

Also known as the Basic Education Mental Health and Well-Being Promotion Act; legislation designed to strengthen mental health services in basic education institutions by converting guidance offices into Care Centers.

Republic Act No. 10627

Also known as the Anti-Bullying Act of 2013; mandates elementary and secondary schools in the Philippines to adopt policies preventing physical, verbal, emotional, and cyberbullying.

Revolving Door Effect

A phenomenon in mental health care characterized by shorter and more frequent hospital stays or readmissions for individuals with severe and persistent psychiatric illnesses.

Least Restrictive Environment

A rights-based care concept under the Mental Health Act ensuring clients receive psychiatric treatment with minimal restriction on personal freedom while maintaining client and community safety.

Zeitgeber

An environmental cue or time setter, such as daily light exposure, that regulates and synchronizes the biological circadian rhythm.

Glutamate

The most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter present in the human brain.

Acetylcholine

The primary cholinergic neurotransmitter and the most abundant neurotransmitter throughout the human body.

GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system responsible for calming neuronal activity and reducing anxiety.

Amygdala

The brain structure within the limbic system primary responsible for processing emotions, emotional behavior, and emotional memory.

Maturational Crisis

A developmental crisis arising from predictable transitions and life events during normal growth stages, such as starting college, marriage, or retirement.

Situational Crisis

A crisis triggered by an unexpected, sudden external event that disrupts daily life, such as job loss, bankruptcy, severe illness diagnosis, or sudden death of a loved one.

Adventitious Crisis

An unplanned, accidental, or social crisis resulting from natural disasters, violent events, or public crises such as typhoons, wars, or pandemic lockdowns.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Hans Selye's model describing the body's three-stage systemic response to stress: Alarm stage, Resistance stage, and Exhaustion stage.

Psychic Determinism

A foundational psychoanalytic assumption by Sigmund Freud stating that all human behavior has a specific psychological cause and can be rationally explained.

Id

The primitive, unconscious structure of personality governed by the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of basic biological drives.

Ego

The personality structure driven by the reality principle that acts as a mediator between the instinctual demands of the Id and moral constraints of the Superego.

Superego

The component of personality that represents internalized moral standards, ethics, values, and parental ideals, functioning as a moral compass.

Oedipus Complex

A psychosexual development stage concept occurring during the phallic stage, involving a boy's unconscious attraction toward his mother and rivalry with his father.

Intellectualization

A defense mechanism where an individual uses excessive reasoning and logic to analyze a situation objectively without experiencing underlying distressing emotions.

Displacement

A defense mechanism involving the transfer of emotional feelings or reactions from a threatening target to a less threatening substitute target.

Sour Grapes Rationalization

A defense mechanism wherein an individual devalues or disparages a goal or object they were unable to attain to protect self-esteem.

Sweet Lemons Rationalization

A defense mechanism wherein an individual overvalues or praises an undesirable outcome to make it appear positive.

Egocentrism

A cognitive characteristic of Piaget's preoperational stage wherein a child is unable to understand or perceive a situation from another person's perspective.

Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning

An advanced cognitive capability developed during Piaget's formal operations stage involving systematic problem-solving, abstract thinking, and evaluating hypotheses.

Transference

An unconscious process where a client redirects feelings, attitudes, and expectations developed toward significant figures in past relationships onto the nurse.

Countertransference

An unconscious process where a nurse transfers personal emotional reactions or past unresolved feelings onto the client.

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Hard psychotic symptoms presenting as excesses or distortions of normal function, including hallucinations, delusions, loose associations, and flight of ideas.

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Soft psychotic symptoms presenting as a loss or absence of normal function, including flat affect, anhedonia, apathy, alogia, and social withdrawal.

Cenesthetic Hallucination

A visceral or somatic hallucination where a client feels unexplainable internal bodily processes, such as feeling an internal organ growing.

Delirium

An acute, organic, and reversible state of cognitive impairment characterized by sudden onset, fluctuating levels of consciousness, and disturbed orientation.

Dementia

A chronic, progressive, and generally irreversible cognitive impairment characterized by insidious memory loss, executive dysfunction, and personal decline.

Agnosia

A cognitive deficit characterized by the loss of ability to recognize or identify sensory objects despite intact sensory organs.

Apraxia

The impaired ability to perform purposeful motor tasks and movements despite having intact motor power and coordination.

Splitting

A defense mechanism common in Borderline Personality Disorder where individuals view people, objects, or self as all-good or all-bad without integration.

Voyeurism

A paraphilic disorder involving intense sexual arousal achieved from observing an unsuspecting person disrobing, naked, or engaged in sexual activity.

Frotteurism

A paraphilia involving intense sexual arousal derived from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person.

Lithium Carbonate

The gold-standard mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder; requires serum level monitoring to maintain a therapeutic range of $0.8\text{ to }1.2\text{ mEq/L}$.

Donepezil (Aricept)

An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor prescribed to temporarily slow down the cognitive decline and progression of Alzheimer's disease symptoms.

Naloxone (Narcan)

An opioid antagonist used as a primary antidote to rapidly reverse acute opioid toxicity and life-threatening respiratory depression.

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

An alcohol deterrent agent used in aversion therapy that triggers unpleasant physiological reactions when ethanol is consumed.

Akathisia

An extrapyramidal side effect characterized by extreme restlessness, inner anxiety, and an intense desire to keep moving continuously.

Tardive Dyskinesia

A severe extrapyramidal adverse effect resulting from long-term antipsychotic therapy, characterized by irreversible, involuntary motor movements of the tongue, face, and lips.

Consensual Validation

A therapeutic communication technique used to clarify words, concepts, and mutual understanding between the nurse and client.