Module 14 Playposit questions

Which of the following is NOT an example of a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen?

1. Staphylococcus aureus

2. Klebsiella pneumoniae

3. Psuedomonas aeruginosa

4. Escherichia coli

1. Staphylococcus aureus

The distinguishing characteristic of EPEC is its ability to cause enterocyte attachment and effacement (EAE), which results in the alteration of the ultrastructure of:

1. Mucosal epithelial cells

2. Muscular cells

3. Nerve cells

4. Blood cells

1. Mucosal epithelial cells

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) strains are genetically similar to which bacterial species?

1. Streptococcus

2. Staphyloccous

3. Salmonella

4. Shigella

4. Shigella

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains produce toxins known as:

1. E. coli-heat stable-toxins (EHS)

2. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

3. Shiga-like toxins (SLTs)

4. Heat-stable toxins (HSTs)

3. Shiga-like toxins (SLTs)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for a range of diseases, EXCEPT:

1. Lung infections in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients

2. Skin infections in wounds

3. Influenza infections

4. Urinary tract infections

3. Influenza infections

Which of the following is NOT true about Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

1. It is widely distributed in soil, water, and plants

2. It produces a distinct blue or yellow pigment on King’s medium

3. It is a Gram-positive rod-shaped organisms

4. It can adapt easily from aerobic to anaerobic conditions

3. It is a Gram-positive rod-shaped organisms

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in wounds are characterized by a unique phenomenon involving fluorescence. This fluorescence is caused by the presence of:

1. Alginate capsule

2. Pyocyanin pigment

3. Biofilms

4. Quorum sensing molecules

2. Pyocyanin pigment

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients are particularly susceptible to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in their lungs. This is mainly due to:

1. Elevated concentrations of chloride in sweat

2. Environmental exposure to the bacterium

3. Lack of innate immune system

4. Impaired ion secretion by CFTR channels

5. Decreased amount of dehydrated mucus

4. Impaired ion secretion by CFTR channels

Which phenotype is characterized by the overproduction of alginate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

1. Mucoid phenotype

2. Wild-type phenotype

3. Biofilm phenotype

4. Slimy phenotype

1. Mucoid phenotype

What is the characteristic shape of Acinetobacter baumannii?

1. Cocci

2. Spherical

3. Spiral

4. Rod-shaped

4. Rod-shaped

Which of the following statements is true about Acinetobacter baumannii?

1. It is primarily found in the air and can cause respiratory infections

2. It gained attention during the Iraq war and is associated with wound, bloodstream, and respiratory infections

3. It is easily eradicated by common disinfectants and does not form biofilms

4. It is a Gram-positive bacterium that is motile and anaerobic

2. It gained attention during the Iraq war and is associated with wound, bloodstream, and respiratory infections

What are dual-use agents in the context of bioweapons?

1. Agents specifically designed for bioweapon use

2. Agents that target only livestock or crops

3. Agents that cannot be used for non-malicious purposes

4. Agents that can be used for non-malicious purposes like therapeutics or education

4. Agents that can be used for non-malicious purposes like therapeutics or education

Which of the following bioterror agents requires fleas as a vehicle for transmission?

1. Yersinia pestis

2. Bacillus anthracis

3. Smallpox (virus)

4. Botulinum neurotoxin

1. Yersinia pestis

What is the main mode of action of the Botulinum neurotoxin?

1. Stimulating the immune response

2. Blocking the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions

3. Disrupting bacterial cell membranes

4. Inhibiting viral replication

2. Blocking the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions

Why is acquiring Botulinum neurotoxin relatively easy compared to other bioweapons?

1. It can be transmitted through infected fleas

2. It can be introduced into water or food supplies

3. It is difficult to diagnose initially

4. It is resistant to antibiotics

2. It can be introduced into water or food supplies

What is the recommended treatment for Botulinum neurotoxin poisoning?

1. Administration of antitoxin and supportive care

2. Vaccination against the neurotoxin

3. Quarantine and isolation

4. Antibiotic therapy

1. Administration of antitoxin and supportive care

What is the primary reason behind the ease of acquiring Botulinum neurotoxin compared to other bioweapons?

1. It can be easily synthesize in a laboratory setting

2. It occurs naturally in the environment and can be extracted

3. It is resistant to traditional decontamination methods

4. It is produced in large quantities by terrorist organizations

2. It occurs naturally in the environment and can be extracted

Which of the following accurately describes the mortality rate of smallpox in unvaccinated populations?

1. Approximately 5%

2. Less than 1%

3. Up to 30%

4. Around 95%

3. Up to 30%

What triggers the formation of a pre-pore in anthrax toxin?

1. Acidification in the endosome

2. Internalization through endocytosis

3. Binding to EF or AF subunits

4. Cleavage of PA83

4. Cleavage of PA83

What happens to the pre-pore of anthrax toxin inside the endosome?

1. It binds to anthrax toxin receptors

2. It undergoes a conformational change

3. It is translocated into the cytosol

4. It form a heptameric complex

2. It undergoes a conformational change

Which group is primarily recommended for the anthrax vaccine?

1. Pregnant women

2. Elderly individuals

3. Children and adolescents

4. Military personnel and researchers

4. Military personnel and researchers

What is one of the recommendations by the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity in the United States?\

1. Preventing bioterrorism through policies on research publications

2. Bridging the gap between scientists and nonscientists

3. Promoting scientific progress in biotechnology research

4. Ensuring scientific literacy among health officials

1. Preventing bioterrorism through policies on research publications