2.3 Applying concepts underlying mendels laws of inheritance

Inheritance

Refers to the principles regarding how traits are passed onto offspring

What does each gene for a train come in?

Varieties called alleles

Alleles

A specific copy of a gene

Example of allele

Green color of peas

Two alleles in a gene form a dominant trait must

Always be expressed or shown by the organism

dominant trait

A genetic trait is considered dominant if it is expressed in a person who has only one copy of the gene associated with the trait.

recessive trait

a genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor

Mendel's three laws

1. Law of Dominance

2. Law of Segregation

3. Law of Independent Assortment

How many chromosomes do humans have?

46 (23 pairs)

Combination of two alleles is called a

genotype

If a chromosome contains two alleles that are the same it is called a

Homozygous

if a chromosome contains two different alleles, that genotype is called

Heterozygous

What determines the phenotype

Alleles present in an organism

Phenotype

physical characteristics of an organism

How are inherited traits passed?

From parent through offspring through gametes

How many chromosomes does each gamete contain

23 chromosomes

What are not inherited from genome

Cultural influenced behavior

Punnet Squares are used to show

possible offspring genotypes and phenotypes

dihybrid cross

A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene

The gametes that are produced by meiosis are

all genetically different

Why are cells from meiosis different

meiosis creates new combinations of genetic material in each of the four daughter cells.

Non-Mendelain Inheritance

Inheritance of traits that do not follow mendelial patterns of inheritance

When does Non-mendelian inheritance occur?

When there are factors other than dominant and recessive alleles in play