Enthalpy and Entropy
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16 Terms
What is lattice enthalpy?
Enthalpy change when 1 mole of an ionic compound is formed from its gaseous ions
What is enthalpy change of formation?
Enthalpy change when 1 mole of an ionic compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states
What is enthalpy change of atomisation?
Enthalpy change when 1 mole of gaseous atoms forms from the element in its standard state
What is first ionisation energy?
Enthalpy change when one electron is removed from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions
What is second ionisation energy?
Enthalpy change when 1 electron is removed from each ion in 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions to form 1 mole of gaseous 2+ ions
What is first electron affinity?
Enthalpy change when 1 electron is added to each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of 1- gaseous ions
What is second electron affinity?
When 1 electron is added to each ion in 1 mole of gaseous 1- ions to form 1 mole of gaseous 2- ions
Why is first electron affinity exothermic but the second electron affinity isn’t?
The first is exothermic because energy is released when the electron is accepted ( it is readily attracted to the atom) however second electron affinity is endothermic because energy must be supplied to overcome the repulsion of adding an electron to an ion
When is lattice enthalpy greater?
Lattice enthalpy is the attraction between ions, so it is greater when the charge or radius of the ion is greater.Stronger attractions lead to a more negative ΔHLE
What is enthalpy change of solution?
When 1 mole of compound dissolves in a water under standard conditions
What is standard enthalpy of hydration?
When 1 mole of aqueous ions are formed from their gaseous ions under standard conditions
What is entropy?
A measure of disorder within a system
What are main factors that increase entropy?
State (Solid to liquid to gas)
More moles
What is the equation for entropy?
ΔS = sum of S (products) - sum of S (reactants)
What is a spontaneous/feasable reaction?
If no other energy other than activation energy is required to sustain a reaction.
What is the equation for free enrgy?
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS