Summer '26 Finals Full OP Deck

Origin of serratus posterior superior

nuchal ligament, SPs C7-T3

Insertion of serratus posterior superior

superior borders of 2-5th ribs

Action of serratus posterior superior

proprioception (elevates ribs)

origin of serratus posterior inferior

SPs of T11-L2

insertion serratus posterior inferior

inferior borders of 8th-12th ribs near their angles

action serratus posteiror inferior

proprioception (depress ribs)

Origin of levator costarum

TVPs C7-T11

Insertion of levator costarum

subjacent ribs between tubercle and angle

Action of levator costarum

elevate ribs

Origin of internal intercostals

inferior border of ribs

Insertion of internal intercostals

superior border of ribs below

Action of internal intercostals

interosseous part depresses, interchondral part elevates during forced respiration

Origin of pectoralis major

clavicular head - anterior surface of medial half of clavicle; sternocostal head - anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique

Insertion of pectoralis major

lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action of pectoralis major

adducts + IR humerus, draws scapula ant + inf; clavicular - flexes humerus, sternocostal - extends from flexed

Origin of subclavius

junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

Insertion of subclavius

inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

Action of subclavius

anchors and depresses clavicle

origin serratus anterior

external surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs

insertion serratus anterior

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

action serratus anterior

protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall; rotates scapula

Origin of internal oblique

thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest, CT deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament

Insertion of internal oblique

inferior borders of 10-12th ribs, linea alba, pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

Action of internal oblique

compresses and supports abdominal viscera, flexes + rotates trunk

Origin of rectus abdominis

pubic symphysis and pubic crest

Insertion of rectus abdominis

xiphoid process of 5th-7th costal cartilages

Action of rectus abdominis

flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae), compresses abdominal viscera, stabilizes and controls pelvic tilt (antilordosis)

Origin of external intercostals

inferior border of ribs

Insertion of external intercostals

superior borders of ribs below

Action of external intercostals

elevates ribs during forced inspiration

Origin of latissimus dorsi

SPs T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 4 ribs

Insertion of latissimus dorsi

floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action of latissimus dorsi

extends + add + IR humerus; raises body during climbing

Origin of pectoralis minor

3-5th ribs near their costal cartilages

Insertion of pectoralis minor

medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

Action of pectoralis minor

stabilizes scapulae by drawing inf + ant

Origin of serratus anterior

external surfaces of lateral parts of 1-8th ribs

Insertion of serratus anterior

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Action of serratus anterior

protracts + rotates scapula

Origin of external oblique

external surfaces of 5-12th ribs

Insertion of external oblique

linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest

Action of external oblique

compresses and supports abdominal viscera, flexes + rotates trunk

Attachments of inguinal ligament

ASIS to pubic tubercle

Inguinal ligament marks the inferior border of what muscle

external oblique

Inguinal ligament marks the superior border of what structure

femoral triangle

Origin of quadratus lumborum

medial half of inferior border of 12th ribs and tips of lumbar TVPs

Insertion of quadratus lumborum

iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest

Action of quadratus lumborum

extends and laterally flexes vertebral column; fixes 12th rib during inspiration

Origin of transversus abdominis

internal surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and CT deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament

Insertion of transversus abdominis

linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, and pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

Action of transversus abdominis

compresses and supports abdominal viscera

Where is the hepatic flexure (right colic flexure)

deep to 9th/10th ribs, overlapped by inferior part of liver

What is the second part of the large interesting

ascending colon

Where is the ascending colon

passes superiorly on the right side of the abdominal cavity from the cecum to the right lobe of the liver

Name the four parts of the colon in order

ascending - transverse - descending - sigmoid

What is the third, longest, and most mobile part of the large intestine

transverse colon

Where is the transverse colon located

crosses the abdomen from right colic flexure to left colic flexure

How does the left colic flexure differ from the right

more superior, more acute, less mobile

Where is the splenic flexure (left colic flexure) located

inferior part of the left kidney and attaches to the diaphragm through phrenicocolic ligament

Where is the descending colon

between left colic flexure and left iliac fossa

What are the three parts of the sternum (top to bottom)

manubrium, sternal angle (angle of louis) body, xiphoid process

What rib has the scalene tubercle

1st rib

Where is the scalene tubercle

internal border of superior surface of the 1st rib

What articulation forms the vertebrosternal joints

first seven costal cartilages + sternum

What forms the costal margins

medial ends of 7th-10th costal cartilages

What articulation makes the costovertebral joints

ribs + vertebral bodies

What articulation makes the costotransverse joints

ribs + TVPs

What articulation makes the costochondral joints

ribs + costal cartilage

What articulation makes the sternocostal joints

costal cartilage + sternum

What are the joints of the thorax classified as

zygapophyseal / facet joints

What articulation makes the intervertebral joints

adjacent vertebral bodies bound together by IV discs

What articulation makes the interchondral joints

costal cartilages of adjacent ribs from 6th-9th

What articulation forms the sternoclavicular joint

sternal end of clavicle with manubrium of sternum and 1st costal cartilage

What articulation forms the manubriosternal joint

manubrium + body of sternum

What articulation forms the xiphisternal joint

xiphoid process + body of sternum

Where is the superior ramus of the pubis

just superior and lateral to pubic symphysis

Where is the ischial tuberosity

“sit bone” at inferoposterior aspect of ischium

Decreased passive forced shoulder flexion

length test latissimus dorsi

Decreased passive forced shoulder extension

length test anterior deltoid

Decreased passive forced shoulder abduction

length test coracobrachialis

Decreased passive forced shoulder adduction

length test middle deltoid

Decreased passive forced shoulder medial rotation

length test teres minor

Decreased passive forced shoulder lateral rotation

length test subscapularis

Decreased passive forced elbow flexion

length test triceps brachii

Decreased passive forced elbow extension

length test biceps brachii

Decreased passive forced elbow pronation

length test supinator

Decreased passive forced elbow supination

length test pronator teres

Decreased passive forced wrist flexion

length test extensor carpi ulnaris

Decreased passive forced wrist extension

length test flexor carpi ulnaris

Decreased passive forced wrist pronation

length test supinator

Decreased passive forced wrist supination

length test pronator teres

Decreased passive forced wrist radial deviation (abduction)

length test flexor carpi ulnaris

Decreased passive forced wrist ulnar deviation (adduction)

length test flexor carpi radialis

Decrease active resisted shoulder flexion

strength test anterior deltoid

Decrease active resisted shoulder extension

strength test latissimus dorsi

Decrease active resisted shoulder abduction

strength test middle deltoid

Decrease active resisted shoulder adduction

strength test coracobrachialis

Decrease active resisted shoulder medial rotation

strength test subscapularis

Decrease active resisted shoulder lateral rotation

strength test teres minor

Decrease active resisted elbow flexion

strength test biceps brachii