Intermolecular Forces and Liquids Properties - Flashcards

Flashcards cover IMF types, liquid properties, and a numerical example involving solution concentration.

What is the interaction between an ion and a polar molecule called?

Ion–dipole interaction.

What is hydrogen bonding?

A strong dipole-dipole interaction where a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to N, O, or F interacts with a lone pair on another electronegative atom.

What type of intermolecular force occurs between non-bonded polar molecules; the general dipole-dipole attraction?

Dipole-dipole interactions.

What are dispersion (London) forces?

Weak intermolecular forces arising from instantaneous dipoles; present in all molecules.

What is viscosity?

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.

What is surface tension?

The energy required to stretch the surface of a liquid; a measure of the cohesive forces at the surface.

What is capillary action?

The movement of liquid in narrow spaces due to cohesive and adhesive forces.

What is cohesion?

Attraction between like molecules.

What is adhesion?

Attraction between unlike molecules.

How does increasing intermolecular forces affect boiling point?

Stronger intermolecular forces raise the boiling point (BP↑).

How does increasing intermolecular forces affect vapor pressure?

Vapor pressure decreases as intermolecular forces increase.

What is vapor pressure?

Partial pressure of a liquid's vapor in the gas phase above the liquid; inversely related to the strength of intermolecular forces.

What is the relationship between surface tension and intermolecular forces?

Surface tension increases with stronger intermolecular forces.

What is molarity?

Molarity = moles of solute per liter of solution.

What is molality?

Molality = moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Given a 37% w/w HCl solution with density 1.12 g/mL, what is the approximate molarity?

Approximately 11.4 M (calculation: 37 g HCl per 100 g solution; volume = 100 g / 1.12 g/mL = 89.3 mL; moles HCl ≈ 1.02; M ≈ 1.02 / 0.0893 L ≈ 11.4 M).