Bio Unit 2 - Macromolecules

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43 Terms

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organic molecules

Contain carbon and hydrogen (ex. Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids)

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Inorganic molecules

Do not contain both carbon and hydrogen

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(ex. CO2, H2, O2)

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Monosaccharides

Monomer of Carbs (Ex. Glucose, Fructose, Galactose)

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Dissacharides

Carbs that are made of two monosaccharides (ex. Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose)

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Polysaccharides

Polymers of Carbohydrates that are made up of more than 2 monosaccharides (Ex. Starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen)

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Amino acid

Monomer of proteins, 20 different types

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Dipeptide

Two amino acids bonded together

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Peptide bond

Covalent bond formed between amino acids

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R group

Part of an amino acid that changes

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glycerol

One of the building blocks of lipids. Combines with fatty acids

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fatty acids

One of the building blocks of lipids. Combines with glycerol

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nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

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nucleic acid

polymer of nucleotides (ex. DNA RNA)

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Atoms in Carbs

C, H, O (2:1 ratio of H to O)

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Atoms in Lipids

C, H, O (more Cs and Hs)

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Atoms in Proteins

C, H, O, N and sometimes S

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Atoms in Nucleic Acids

C, H, O, N, and P

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Dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.

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WATER IS A PRODUCT

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BUILDS BIGGER MOLECULE

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Hydrolysis

a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds

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WATER IS A REACTANT

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BREAKS DOWN BIG MOLECULE

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Carbohydrates (FUNCTIONS)

quick energy, storage, and structure

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Proteins (FUNCTIONS)

membranes, storage, movement, catalyst, transport, immunity, receptor

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Lipid (FUNCTIONS)

long term energy, insulation, protection, water loss, membranes, hormones

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Nucleic Acid (FUNCTION)

Information carrying molecules, involved in heredity

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DNA (differences from RNA)

Shape: Double helix

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Strands: Two

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Nitrogen Base: Thymine

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Location: Nucleus

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RNA (differences from DNA)

Shape: Single strand

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Nitrogen base: Uracil

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Location: Cytoplasm and Nucleus

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DNA/RNA similarities

Made of nucleotides

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Contain A, C, G nitrogen bases

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Monosaccharides