Families and more

Group 1 (1A)

Alkali metals (except H); 1 valence electron; very reactive; form +1 ions.

Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

Alkali metals (Group 1/1A).

What family is Li in?

Alkali metals (Group 1/1A).

What family is Na in?

Alkali metals (Group 1/1A).

What family is K in?

Alkali metals (Group 1/1A).

What ion charge do alkali metals form?

+1 ions.

Group 2 (2A)

Alkaline earth metals; 2 valence electrons; reactive; form +2 ions.

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

Alkaline earth metals (Group 2/2A).

What family is Mg in?

Alkaline earth metals (Group 2/2A).

What family is Ca in?

Alkaline earth metals (Group 2/2A).

What ion charge do alkaline earth metals form?

+2 ions

Groups 3–12

Transition metals; variable charges; good conductors; less reactive than Groups 1 and 2.

Fe, Cu, Zn, Ag, Au

Transition metals.

What family is Fe in?

Transition metals.

What family is Cu in?

Transition metals.

Why are transition metals important?

They often have multiple oxidation states (multiple ion charges).

Elements along the staircase (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te)

Metalloids; properties of both metals and nonmetals.

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te

Metalloids.

What family is Si in?

Metalloids.

What are metalloids?

Elements with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

Group 13 (3A)

Boron family; usually 3 valence electrons; often form +3 ions.

B, Al, Ga, In, Tl

Boron family.

What family is Al in?

Boron family (Group 13/3A).

Group 14 (4A)

Carbon family; 4 valence electrons.

C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb

Carbon family.

What family is C in?

Carbon family (Group 14/4A).

Group 15 (5A)

Nitrogen family (pnictogens); 5 valence electrons.

N, P, As, Sb, Bi

Nitrogen family.

What family is N in?

Nitrogen family (Group 15/5A).

Group 16 (6A)

Oxygen family (chalcogens); 6 valence electrons.

O, S, Se, Te, Po

Oxygen family.

What family is O in?

Oxygen family (Group 16/6A).

What family is S in?

Oxygen family (Group 16/6A).

Group 17 (7A)

Halogens; 7 valence electrons; very reactive nonmetals; form -1 ions.

F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts

Halogens.

What family is F in?

Halogens (Group 17/7A).

What family is Cl in?

Halogens (Group 17/7A).

What family is Br in?

Halogens (Group 17/7A).

What ion charge do halogens form?

-1 ions.

Group 18 (8A)

Noble gases; full valence shell; very unreactive.

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, Og

Noble gases.

What family is He in?

Noble gases (Group 18/8A).

What family is Ne in?

Noble gases (Group 18/8A).

Why are noble gases unreactive?

They have full valence shells.

Elements in the first detached row

Lanthanides; rare-earth metals; usually form +3 ions.

La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu

Lanthanides.

What family is Ce in?

Lanthanides.

Elements in the second detached row

Actinides; radioactive metals; many are synthetic.

Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr

Actinides.

What family is U in?

Actinides.

Which periodic table family contains most radioactive elements?

Actinides.

How many valence electrons do Group 1 elements have?

1

How many valence electrons do Group 2 elements have?

2

How many valence electrons do Group 13 elements have?

3

How many valence electrons do Group 14 elements have?

4

How many valence electrons do Group 15 elements have?

5

How many valence electrons do Group 16 elements have?

6

How many valence electrons do Group 17 elements have?

7

How many valence electrons do Group 18 elements have?

8 (except He has 2).