Exam 3

the palmar interosseous mm are __ to the dorsal interosseous mm

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

e

the posterior cord is __ to the subscapularis m

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

e

the anterior scalene m is __ to the subclavian a

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

e

the mylohyoid m is __ to the anterior belly of digastric m

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

b

at midline, the cerebellum is __ to the 4th ventricle

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

d

the 3rd ventricle is __ to the L&R thalami

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

c

the sagittal suture is __ to the superior sagittal sinus

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

b

the internal intercostal m is __ to the external intercostal membrane

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

d

the ligamentum arteriosum is __ to the pulmonary trunk

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

b

the root of the R lung is __ to the R vagus n

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

e

the L pulmonary a is __ to the L primary bronchus

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

b

the subcostal m is __ to the internal intercostal membrane

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

e

the hemiazygous v is __ to the accessory hemiazygous v

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

a

the thoracic duct is __ to the esophagus

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

d

the esophagus is __ to the trachea

a. inferior b. superior c. medial d. posterior e. anterior

d

When performing an emergency tracheotomy, which is at greatest risk?

a. submandibular gland b. the larynx c. internal carotid a d. thyroid gland

d

How many cervical spinal nerves do humans have?

a. 7 b. 8 c. 9 d. 14 e.16

e

Extraction of a lower canine tooth has given rise to a severe infection which may spread to what paranasal sinus, if left untreated?

a. sphenoid b. maxillary c. frontal d. ethmoid e. none of these

e

Which tissue makes up most of Camper’s fascia in the abdominal wall of most American’s?

a. epithelium b. muscle c. connective d. nerve e. none of these

c

Coronary artery atherosclerosis involves a breakdown of the lining of blood vessels such that plaque can form within the walls causing the vessels to narrow. That lining is made of which tissue?

a. epithelium b. muscle c. connective d. nerve e. none of these

a

During a heart attack (myocardial infarction) pain may be referred to the left chest and arm area, the jaw, and/or the …

a. R arm b. L leg c. interscapular region d. This is another example of fake news spread by the liberal medical media. Heart pain is only felt in the chest.

c

A thrombus (blood clot) in the R subclavian vein may become dislodged (embolize) after a clavicle Fx. What is one site you would not expect to become infarcted (damaged due to blocked blood flow)?

a. the right lung b. the brain c. the left lung

b

Coronavirus may give rise to pneumonia. In severe cases, the tissue & space b/n the alveoli and the surrounding capillaries becomes impenetrable to oxygen due to fluid accumulation. What do we call this membrane that is stressed?

a. intercostal b. pulmonary c. respiratory d. alveolar e. capillary

c

Your patient has multiple bilateral rib fractures resulting in hemothorax. This means blood is collecting between the parietal pleura and …

a. alveoli b. visceral pleura

c. parietal pericardium d. bronchioles

b

RE the multiple bilateral rib fractures, if there is a flail chest, which is false?

a. inhaling will cause that segment of the rib cage to depress b. exhaling will cause that segment of rib cage to protrude c. if there is a large flail chest, the patient’s pulse oximeter will register a normal blood oxygen level of 95% - this is the paradox usually associated with flail chest

c

The patient is SOA. If a paramedic inserts an endotracheal tube and see the belly rise with each squeeze of the ambu bag, what is wrong?

a. She pushed the tube past the trachea and into the R bronchus b. the patient may have aspirated something which is blocking the trachea c. She missed the trachea and the tube is in the esophagus

c

Which pathology is described incorrectly?

a. asthma results from constriction of the bronchi b. black lung results from coal dust in the alveoli c. lung carcinoma may result from uncontrolled mitosis of lung epithelium or the tissue around the alveoli d. emphysema (often due to smoking) results in coalescing of the alveoli which decreases the surface area for gasses to transpire e. tuberculosis is caused by infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis passed from person to person by expelled droplets

a

What condition is shown here?

a. asthma b. black lung c. lung carcinoma d. emphysema e. tuberculosis

d

Which carries high O2 blood from the 2-lobed lung?

a. R pulmonary a b. R pulmonary v c. L pulmonary a d. L pulmonary v

d

Rupture of the ascending aorta would result in …

a. myocardial infarction b. cardiac tamponade c. pericarditis d. cardiomyopathy

b

What vessel is formed by the 2 brachiocephalic veins?

a. inferior vena cava b. azygos v c. aorta d. superior vena cava e. none of these

d

What sends blood to the superior vena cava?

a. inferior vena cava b. azygos v c. aorta d. superior vena cava e. none of these

b

What receives blood from the R intercostal vv?

a. inferior vena cava b. azygos v c. aorta d. superior vena cava e. none of these

b

Which vessel does not empty into the right atrium?

a. IVC b. coronary sinus c. pulmonary vv d. anterior cardiac vv e. SVC

c

Which has the pulmonary valve guarding its exit?

a. R atrium b. L atrium c. R ventricle d. L ventricle e. none of these

c

Regurgitation is the term to describe blood moving the wrong direction through a valve. Blood regurgitating thru the mitral valve is passing into the?

a. R atrium b. L atrium c. R ventricle d. L ventricle e. none of these

b

Blood regurgitating thru the tricuspid valve is leaving the?

a. R atrium b. L atrium c. R ventricle d. L ventricle e. none of these

a

blood passing thru the aortic valve is leaving the?

a. R atrium b. L atrium c. R ventricle d. L ventricle e. none of these

d

The fossa ovalis can be seen in the?

a. R atrium b. L atrium c. R ventricle d. L ventricle e. none of these

a

Blood regurgitating thru the Right A-V valve is passing into the?

a. R atrium b. L atrium c. R ventricle d. L ventricle e. none of these

a

Which feature is absent in the ECG tracing above?

a. T wave b. QRS complex c. V wave d. P wave e. none of these, the patient is normal

d

An embolism of the right coronary artery will likely result in a myocardial infarction of a chamber that has this valve at its entrance …

a. tricuspid b. pulmonary S-L c. aortic S-L d. mitral e. none of these

a

The patient with an embolism of the right coronary artery may exhibit which symptom?

a. left-sided heart failure b. pulmonary edema c. pitting edema in the legs d. 2 of these symptoms

c

What is likely responsible for the ECG tracing above?

a. dislodged pacemaker lead b. myocardial infarction of the left atrium c. a fit of coughing during the ECG d. presence of an aortic aneurysm e. embolism of the left coronary artery causing 99% blockage

e

Which treatment will likely help the patient with ventricular fibrillation?

a. circumflex A bypass b. insertion of a pacemaker into the apex of the interventricular septum c. immediate transplant or insertion of a mechanical heart as a bridge to transplant d. left coronary A bypass e. none of these, the tracing is 100% normal

d

Which tissue is not supplied by autonomic neurons?

a. exocrine glands b. cardiac muscle c. smooth muscle d. skeletal muscle

d

Which does not carry ANS fibers (axons)?

a. X b. IX c. XI d. VII

c

Which structure would not carry preganglionic sympathetic axons?

a. white rami communicans b. greater splanchnic nn c. cardiopulmonary nn e. T-2 nn

c

Which transmitter is used by preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

a. serotonin b GABA c. ACH d. NE e. epi

c

Which is not supplied by autonomic fibers?

a. adrenal cortex glands b. parotid gland c. tear glands d. submandibular glands e. sweat glands

a

A person with asthma might want to use a drug that stimulates this path to let more air into the alveoli.

13

Which pathway would increase action potentials from the sino-atrial node of the heart?

13

Which path causes sweat at the groin?

15

An ophthalmologist who wants a better chemical look at the retina might want to add a chemical that has the same action as this pathway

5

Which path causes vasoconstriction at the subcostal mm?

14

Which path moves waste to the splenic flexure?

10

Which shows a grey ramus communicans?

15

Which path causes your parotid gland to salivate?

7

Which path causes contraction of the diaphragm?

14

Which path sends signals to the adrenal medulla?

2

Name the nerves involved in stimulating a path to let more air into the alveoli.

cardiopulmonary n

What chemical is used at the end of the path that increases action potentials to the Sino-atrial node of the heart?

norepinephrine

What spinal nerve carries the postganglionic signals for sweat at the groin?

L-1

What chemical is used at the end of parasympathetic paths?

acetylcholine

Name the nerve for the path that moves waste to the splenic flexure.

Vagus n

What are all the spinal levels where Gray rami can be found?

all spinal levels

Give name and roman # for 1 of the nerves that causes parotid gland to salivate.

facial n, VII

What spinal nerves carry signals to the diaphragm?

C3,4,5

Name the nerves in the path that sends signals to the adrenal medulla?

splanchnic n

Itch from shingles at clavicular region

1\. X 2. VIII 3. abducens 4. XI 5. olfactory 6. VII 7. V2 8. Opthalmic 9. supraorbital 10. IX 11. XII 12. C5-T1 13. T10 14. C3-C4 15. None of these

14

To sew up an umbilical incision from hernia repair, lidocaine would anesthetize what nerve?

1\. X 2. VIII 3. abducens 4. XI 5. olfactory 6. VII 7. V2 8. Opthalmic 9. supraorbital 10. IX 11. XII 12. C5-T1 13. T10 14. C3-C4 15. None of these

13

Pressure in the maxillary sinus is felt thru …

1\. X 2. VIII 3. abducens 4. XI 5. olfactory 6. VII 7. V2 8. Opthalmic 9. supraorbital 10. IX 11. XII 12. C5-T1 13. T10 14. C3-C4 15. None of these

7

Patient’s head bobbles - can’t control flexion or extension. What nerve is affected?

1\. X 2. VIII 3. abducens 4. XI 5. olfactory 6. VII 7. V2 8. Opthalmic 9. supraorbital 10. IX 11. XII 12. C5-T1 13. T10 14. C3-C4 15. None of these

4

A lung can collapse due to blood in the pleural sac. This is called …

hemothorax

What gland may be found anterior to the large vessel in the superior mediastinum?

thymus

Left heart failure will ultimately result in?…

pulmonary edema

Name the heart sound that results from closure of the semi-lunar valves.

dub/2nd

In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale transmits blood from the right atrium into the ___.

left atrium