Week 2. 1 (HOMEMADE)

Name the 4 Building Blocks of Life:

Sugars, nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids

A polymer is made of what?

Monomers

What are monomers?

Small molecules with 20 or fewer atoms

A macromolucule is also called what?

A polymer

Carbon molecules can be what two things?

Monomers & Polymers

Sugar provides what?

Energy

What is sugar referred to?

Carbohydrates

What is glucose an example of?

A sugar

The simplest type of sugar is what?

A monosaccharide.

Glucose is composed of what 3 things?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

The sugar glucose is capable of bonding to what?

Other molecules

When two monosaccharide’s combine what is formed?

Disaccharide

Glucose and fructose combine to create what?

Sucrose

Sucrose is an example of?

A disaccharide

Disaccharide’s are created using what bond?

Covalent Bond

Sucrose is made in what reaction?

Dehydration

Add water to bring back glucose & fructose in what reaction?

Hydrolysis Reaction

Thousands of monosaccarides make what?

Polysaccharide

What is a polysaccharide of glucose?

Glycogen

What polysaccharide can humans not digest?

Cellulose

Nucleotides store what?

Information

Where does nucleotides energy come from?

ATP

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Phosphate, base molecule, & sugar molecule

______ consist of linked rings of atoms

Nucleotides

Nucleotides make up which two things?

DNA & RNA

The sugar component in a nucleotide can either be?

Ribose or Deoxyribose

The base component in a nucleotide is made up of rings of what two things?

Carbon & Nitrogen

The base for DNA contains…

Thymine

The base for RNA contains…

Uracil

The phosphate group in a nucleotide is what?

Phosphorous atom joined to an oxygen.

How many phosphate groups can a nucleotide have?

One, two, or three!

What two molecules store the genetic blueprint of life?

DNA & RNA

Nucleotides have what type of bond?

Covalent

Two nucleotide polymers twist together to form what?

A double helix

What does a cell do when it need immediate energy?

It breaks down the phosphate bond in a nucleotide to use ATP

What is the official name of ATP?

Adenosine Triphosphate

Most processes in the body are fueled by what?

ATP

Amino Acids are what?

Monomers

Amino Acids form what?

Protein polymers

What is the basic structure of an amino acid?

-Alpha carbon

-Carboxyl group

-Amino group

-Side chain (R)

How many different amino acids are there?

20

What is the one part of an amino acid that is always changing?

Side chain

Proteins are also called?

Polypeptides

Amino Acids are linked how?

Through Peptide Bonds

Which reaction forms proteins?

Dehydration Reaction

How many levels of structure does a protein have?

4

Name all 4 levels of protein structure?

Primary Structure

Secondary Structure

Tertiary Structure

Quaternary Structure

The secondary structure of proteins can look like what?

-Alpha helix

-Beta-pleated sheet

Which protein structure is 3D?

Tertiary Structure

What does quaternary structure mean?

More than one polypeptide

The primary structure of proteins looks like what?

Amino acids & Polypeptides

Proteins are made through?

Non Covalent Bonding

Enzymes are an example of what?

Protein

What are two jobs of protein?

-Provide structure

-Chemical receptors

What did they discover in the NASA video?

Nucleobases

What are nucleobases?

Small molecules found in DNA & RNA

They believe that nucleobases are what two things?

-Extraterrestrial

-Chemical reaction on a meteorite

What are three reasons researchers have to back up their claims?

1) Found nucleobase analog’ s in meteroites

2) Murchinson soil sample and ice sample in Antartica

3) Reactions of hydrogen cyandine on the meteroite

Nucleobase molecules could have what?

Built up into larger molecules that we see today

What does analog mean?

Rare or absent on Earth