Communication Processes, Principles, Ethics, and Language Registers

Vocabulary flashcards covering chapters 1 through 4 on communication concepts, principles, models, barriers, varieties, and registers.

Communication

The process of sharing information, ideas, feelings, or messages with others to achieve a purpose.

Con

Latin word meaning 'with'.

Munus

Latin word meaning 'business'.

Communico

Latin word meaning 'to share or relate with one another'.

Communis

Latin word meaning 'common'.

Civic Engagement

Working to improve your community.

Physical Needs

Communication needs that affect our health and well-being.

Instrumental Needs

Communication needs that help us achieve short-term and long-term goals.

Relational Needs

Communication needs that help us build and maintain relationships.

Identity Needs

Communication needs that help us show who we are to others.

Culture

The beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and knowledge learned from society.

Context

The situation or environment where communication happens.

Communication Ethics

The process of thinking about whether our communication and actions are right or wrong when communicating.

Verbal Communication

Communication using spoken or written words.

Non-Verbal Communication

Communication using cues without spoken words, which can be produced by the body or by the setting.

Sender

The person who starts the communication and sends the message (also called source, encoder, speaker, or writer).

Message

The information, idea, feeling, opinion, or attitude being communicated.

Channel

The way or medium through which a message travels, categorized into oral, written, and visual/electronic.

Receiver

The person who receives and understands the message (also called decoder, reader, or listener).

Adjustment

Changing the message when the receiver does not understand it clearly.

Noise

Anything that disturbs or interferes with communication, classified as visual, aural, physical, or psychological.

Principle of Clarity

Communication principle stating that the message should be clear and easy to understand.

Principle of Attention

Communication principle stating that the receiver should pay attention to the message.

Principle of Feedback

Communication principle stating that the receiver should give feedback so the sender knows whether the message was understood.

Principle of Informality

Communication principle stating that sometimes informal communication works better than formal communication.

Principle of Consistency

Communication principle stating that information should be consistent to avoid confusion and conflict.

Principle of Timeliness

Communication principle stating that communication should happen at the right time.

Principle of Adequacy

Communication principle stating that information should be complete enough to make proper decisions.

Communication Competence

The ability to communicate effectively in different situations.

Global Communication

Communication between people from different countries, languages, or cultures.

Local Communication

Communication within a specific community or culture.

Grice's Principle of Cooperation

The principle that people usually cooperate during conversations so that communication is clear and meaningful.

Maxim of Relation

A conversational rule to stay on the topic and be relevant.

Maxim of Quantity

A conversational rule to give enough information without giving too much or too little.

Maxim of Quality

A conversational rule to give information that you believe is true and can be supported.

Maxim of Manner

A conversational rule to speak or write in a way that is clear, organized, specific, and not confusing.

Flouting a Maxim

Intentionally breaking a conversational rule to give another meaning.

ABCs of Intercultural Communication

A framework consisting of Acknowledgement (recognizing cultural differences), Bi-level Communication (verbal and nonverbal levels), and Clarification (asking when confused).

Stereotypes

Assumptions about a group of people that can cause wrong expectations, unfair judgments, and misunderstandings.

Idioms

Expressions whose meaning is different from the literal words.

Slang

Very informal language often used by certain groups, ages, or communities.

Acronyms

Words made from the first letters of other words.

Abbreviations

Shortened versions of words or phrases.

Jargon

Special words used in a particular job, profession, or field.

Varieties of English

Different versions of English spoken in different countries and communities.

Register of Language

The level or style of language used depending on who is being spoken to and the situation.

Formal Register

Professional language used in professional or serious situations.

Informal Register

Casual language used when talking to friends and family.

Neutral Register

In-between language that is non-emotional, neutral, and appropriate for general situations.

Salvage (in Philippine English)

A term in Philippine English that means extrajudicial killing, summary execution, or murder, differing from its standard English meaning of saving or rescuing.