paracite life cycle

define symbyosis

2 organisms that live in close assosiation

what 4 groups can symbyosis be broken into

phoresis, mutualism, commenalism, and parasitism

whats phoresis

they travle together, no harm orbiochemical dependance

what is mutualism

no harm done, assosiation isnt obilatory

what is commenalism

only 1 partner benifits

whats parasitism

1 partner lives at the metabolic expense of the other causing harm

what are the common terms for parasites in a population

they are aggregated in hoast population, large numbers may kill their hoasts and paracites may have a higher reproductive rate than its hoast

what are the 2 variations of a parasite within the hoast

ectoparasite - external

endoparasite - internal

what are the 2 variations of levels of dependance

obligate - cant complete life cycle without hoast

facultive - can become parasitic if accidently ingested or enter a wound

what are the diffrent roles of the hoast

definitive hoast, intermediate, paratenic, resovoir

what is a definitive hoast

parasite reaches sexual maturity

what in an intermediate host

a parasite develops and often reproduces sexually

whats a paratenic hoast

parasite undergoes no development but remain inneffective to a another hoast

whats a resovoir hoast

animal that harbours a parasite that can be transmitted to humans

wat are the 2 diffrent cylces

urban and domesticated

whats a vector

an amimal that trandsmitts a disease

whats a mechanical vector

passes disease from 1animal to another without becoming infected

what is a biological vector

development and/or replication takes place

describe microparasites

epidemic disease, specific resistance to infection, high reproductive potential. e.g. virus, prions, bacteria

what are macroparasites

endemic disease, non specific hoast resistance, low reproductive potential and transmission is dependant on specific stages

describe the life cycle of a malaria paracyte

1. pre erythrocytic - asexual, in the liver

2. post erythrocytic - asexual and gamete formation, in the blood, heamozoin (waste product) causes some of the malaria symptoms

give some examples of macroparasites

phylum plathelmines (flatworms) - class - monogenea, trematoda and cestodia

phylum nematoda (oundworms)

phylum athropoda

dewscribe class monogenea

mostly fish parasites - attach to the ventral surface the egg then hatches 3 weeks later

describe class trematoda

they have an indirect life cycle - 1 host. lava stage then cercaradia phase where its released into water and penetrates skinthen it enters the aduls when they mate

describe the phylum nematoda

lave is release from adult encys in muscle, live in the gut wall.

urban cycle - rats and domestic pig

sylvatic cycle - carnavores and scavangers