Agricultural Ecology Exam 1 Flashcards from WYM UF

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24 Terms

1

What is the process by which plants convert solar energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis?

Primary production.

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2

What are organisms that create their own food using sunlight called?

Primary producers or autotrophs.

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3

What is the term for organisms that consume other organisms for energy?

Heterotrophs.

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4

During photosynthesis, what percentage of incoming solar radiation do plants typically use?

2%.

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5

What term describes the total amount of energy in an ecosystem at a given point in time?

Biomass.

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6

What occurs during photosynthesis when plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Carbon fixation.

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7

What are the end products of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide and water.

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8

What does a trophic pyramid represent?

The transfer of energy between trophic levels.

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9

What is Net Primary Productivity (NPP)?

NPP = GPP - R, where GPP is gross primary production and R is respiration.

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10

What is a food web more representative of compared to a food chain?

Complex feeding relationships in ecosystems.

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11

What is the relationship between production and assimilation efficiency, particularly in birds?

Birds have the lowest Production to Assimilation efficiency (P/A ratio).

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12

What type of energy includes human labor and nitrogen fertilizer?

Cultural energy.

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13

What is the negative consequence of overusing synthetic fertilizers in agriculture?

Soil degradation.

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14

What are CAFOs in agriculture?

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations.

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15

What happens to nitrogen when it moves through the agricultural system?

It starts with mineralization and can become immobilized within plant tissues.

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16

Which process allows nitrogen gas to be converted into used nitrogen forms for plants?

Denitrification.

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17

What is the key difference between C3 and C4 plants in terms of photosynthesis efficiency?

C4 plants are more efficient at converting solar energy into biomass than C3 plants.

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18

What are phototropic responses in plants?

Plants growing towards or away from a light source.

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19

What is the impact of increased atmospheric CO2 on ocean pH?

It leads to ocean acidification, decreasing the pH.

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20

What does hardpan refer to in agriculture?

A negative development in soil structure due to intensive tillage.

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21

What is cellulosic ethanol and how is it different from grain ethanol?

It uses the entire plant versus just the grain, making it more environmentally friendly.

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22

What is photorespiration?

A process occurring in plants, primarily C3 plants, under conditions of high oxygen and low carbon dioxide.

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23

How do plants respond structurally to high temperatures?

By developing adaptations like waxy leaves.

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24

What are serotinous cones?

Cones that require fire to open and release seeds.

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