Purposive Communication: Globalization and Culture

Vocabulary and concepts related to the impact of globalization on communication and the various patterns and models of cultural differences based on the lecture material.

Globalization

A growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.

Culture

Consists of the values, beliefs, systems of language and communication, and practices that people share in common.

Enculturation

The process of learning culture, which is not biologically inherited.

Cultural Iceberg Model

An analogy where only $10\%$ of a culture comprises its visible parts, while $90\%$ is hidden beneath the surface.

Edwaard Hall

Known as the Father of Intercultural Communication who developed the Iceberg Analogy of Culture.

Observable Behaviors

Words and actions which are apparent to the casual observer; the visible part of the cultural iceberg.

Interpretations

How individuals feel core values should be reflected in specific situations in daily life, such as working or socializing.

Core Values

Learned ideas of what is considered good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable, and acceptable or unacceptable.

Formative Factors

The forces, such as religion, history, the media, economics, family, and educational systems, which create, define, and mold a culture's core values.

Multicultural Communication

Interacting with people from different cultural backgrounds and mediating differences through language, non-verbal gestures, and space relationships.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that your own group or culture is superior to other groups and cultures.

Prejudice

A negative attitude toward a group of people based on who they are, described as an unreasoned looking down on others.

Stereotyping

Generalizing about some groups of people, which leads to the oversimplification of their culture.

High Context

Communication where much of the message is left unspecified and meant to be understood through context, nonverbal cues, and reading between-the-lines.

Low Context

Communication, common in Germanic and English-speaking countries, where messages are expected to be explicit and specific.

Sequential

A perception of time as a linear commodity to spend, save, or waste, where businesspeople focus on one agenda item after another.

Synchronic

A perception of time as a constant flow to be experienced in the moment, where the past, present, and future are interrelated in a sort of circle.

Affective

A culture where members readily show emotions by laughing, smiling, grimacing, scowling, or shouting.

Neutral

A culture where members do not telegraph their feelings, keeping them carefully controlled, subdued, and monitored.