Unit 5: World War One Quiz

No-Man’s Land

Land between the trenches that was deemed dangerous and a straight-fire way to die due to the industrialised weapons that would strike them down.

U-boat

Naval submarines that Germany used to retaliate against the British Blockade

Lusitania

Ship that sunk on the coast of Ireland that killed over 1000 people, which at least a 100 were Americans —> flipped the public’s opinion of Germany & one of the reasons America joined the war

Allied Powers

Britain, France, Russia and eventually America (joined at the end of the war)

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy

Fourteen Points

Lists terms for ending the war and preventing future wars: was released in 1918. It called for “ freedom of the seas”: freedom to travel and trade with other countries without the fear of attacks, along with countries in eastern euroupe to be able to determine their own form of goverment and leadership without the interference of other nations, along with a assocation of nations to keep peace in the future.

League of Nations

The League of Nations was established by the Treaty of Versailles, it was introduced by Wilson’s 14 points as he believed there needed to be a global world power to ensure world peace and to prevent incidents like World War One.

Conscription

forcible draft of citizens into war: many boys lied about their age to go off into the army

Pan-slavism

Was how Russia got involved in the war as they promoted themselves as the protector of Slavic people and would protect them against Austria-Hungary. Serbians also wanted to have freedom as well ( THE SPARK)

Total War

Nation focuses all its resources on the warfront which heavily impacts the homefront/

Schlieffen Plan

1914, Germany wanted to invade Belgium so they could then work there way to France, and then focus on taking on Russia. Belgium fell but the Allies powers stopped Germany from properly invading France.

Zimmermann Telegram

Telegram from German Foreign Minister to Mexico, found by the British — detailing how if they helped them when America joined the war, they would help them reclaim the land they lost in 1840s to the States. —→ final straw for Wilson to ask Congress to declare war on Germany

Paris Peace Conference

The Paris Peace Conference took place from 1919-1920, where only the allied powers attended. Central powers included Russia were not allowed to attend. France looked to weaken Germany to prevent further damagaes from them and reparations to rebuild their homefront, whilst Great Britain sought the same. The US wanted peace without naming a victor in the war, and Wilson had to compromise on his 14 points as the other nations didnt care much for his opinion due to them joining late in the war and most of the war being fought on their front.

Gavrilo Princip

The man who assasinated Duke Ferdinand, did it out of protest for the freedom of Bosnia, as he was Serbian and part of the Black Hand, an organization who stands for the liberation of Bosnia.

What were the primary causes of WWI?

• MAINS:

  • Militarism: Many western powers increased their military as their empires grew — plenty of countries were then ready for war

    • Important reminder is that Germany and Great Britain were in a naval competition

  • Alliances: Many countries had alliances with one another therefore when one country got involved their allies would then get involved

  • Imperialism: Countries were taking control over other countries

    • European countries began competing for colonies

    • Colonised people were used in militaries (militarism)

  • Nationalism: Many people were loyal to their home countries and took pride in them

    • Competitions between countries

    • various ethnic groups resent europeans powers and sought out freedom (influence of the spark)

  • The Spark: The assassination of Duke Ferdinand.

    • Archduke Ferdinand was the next ruler of Austria-Hungary

    • Was killed by Princip who was Serbian and was part of the Black Hand

      • organization supported the freedom of serbians in Bosinia Herzegovina

    • Bosnia was annexed by Austria-Hungary, but still had many Serbians that lived there that wanted independence

    • Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia, gave them an ultimatum:

      • The Serbian government would have to accept an Austro-Hungarian inquiry into the assassination. Serbia was also to suppress all anti-Austrian propaganda and to take steps to root out and eliminate terrorist organizations within its borders including the Black Hand. The Dual Monarchy demanded an answer to the note within 48 hours

Why was the US initially neutral in WWI? What did American neutrality look like?

• The US was initially neutral in World War One due to Woodrow Wilson running on a isolationist policy, so they weren't too interested in the affairs of other countries. America still did trade with both Allie and Central powers but ceased when Britain blocked the ports of Russia. America mostly traded with Allies powers due to their alliances

• Plenty of immigrants who loyalty lied with their home countries and wanted America to help

What ultimately caused the US to join the war? What impact did their joining have?

• USA joined the war due to the affects of the British Blockade. Germany responded to the British Blockade by sinking every Allied Ship using U-Boats.

• The Lusitania which was sank on the coast of Ireland had many American passengers, and the sinking led to the lost of life. So the American public then turned on Germany which then pushed Wilson to turn to Congress to declare war on Germany.

• Germany kept trying to trigger America into the war, because they were both equal powers on a front, therefore if Germany defeated America, they would then be the dominant world power.

What is trench warfare? Why did it develop? What was its impact?

Trench warfare developed due to the invention of new technology or advanced weaponry made during the industrialisation. Unable to properly combat each other they would dig trenches and send bombs to either side. It forced generals to develop new military tactics to combat one another, along with the development of trench foot leading to soldiers consistently wounded along with facing psychological horrors on a daily basis.

What was the impact of new weapons/technology in WWI?

The new weapons and technology forced allies and central forces to use trench warfare, but it also led to them breaking the stalemate of trench warfare along with the combination of new military tactics.

How were civilians impacted by the war (think homefront)?

• Civilians were required to ration during the war, once they had used all their rations ticket for the week they werent allowed to buy anymore.

• Supplies would often be sent to the frontlines leaving the civilalins with not much left.

• Women and children (10 years old ) would be working in factories, making supplies such as bullets, parachutes, pants, uniforms, airplane parts to be sent to the fronts

• Textile factories were converted into workshops to produce said supplies and all civilians were expected to contribute to the war.

• Because women were now working “ mens jobs “ in the factories to contribute to the war, children were frequently left unattended and in unsafe conditions when they were brought to the workplace.

  • At this time. children would not get an education as it wasn’t really seen as important

• In Great Britain at the time: passed the DORA act in 1914 but was continously added too as the war continued

  • allowed for the government to control civilalin behaviour such as acholol consumption. food supply, along with allowing them to seize land/factories to use for war production, along with censorship of journalism forcing journalists to take down or rewrite articles if deemed harmful.

What is the Treaty of Versailles? What impact did it have on the world after WWI?

• Treaty of Versailles was made during the Paris Peace conference where the conditions were that Germany was blamed for the entirety of World War One and had to pay reparations, along with limiting the size of their military and returning French territories.

• Germany had no choice but to sign no matter the conditions and it was officially signed in 1919, and it also created the League of Nations.

What was the primary goal of Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

The primary goal of Wilson’s Fourteen points was to establish a ground understanding of what they needed to do to prevent future incidents like this and ensure world peace.

What were the weaknesses of the League of Nations?

• The weakness of the League of Nations is that they lacked the proper power to enforece polices or prevent other countries from invading one another.

• The United States was NOT apart of the League of Nations due to Congress vetoing the option to vote as they didn't want to get involved with other nations problems due to the effects it had on America.