AP human geo agriculture

Subsistence agriculture

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family

Commercial Agriculture

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale and consumer purchase.

Bid rent theory

how land value determines how a farmer will use the land - either intensively or extensively

Clustered rural settlement

Settlement where residents live together

crop rotation

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.

plantation agriculture

Large-scale commercial farming of one particular crop grown for markets far from the site

shifting cultivation

The practice of clearing land and moving on when nutrients have been depleted.

intensive agriculture

An ag practice in which farmers expend a great deal of effort to produce as much yield as possible

Monoculture

Planting one crop or raising one type of animal annually

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Agribusiness

The business of agricultural production

First agricultural revolution

Dating back 10,000 years, individuals achieved plant domestically .animal domestication. Also called the Neolithic Revolution

Aquaculture

The farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, crustaceans, and aquatic plants, for food and other products.

agriculture

The practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, and other products.

desertification

The process by which fertile land becomes increasingly arid and unproductive, often due to factors like drought, deforestation, and inappropriate agricultural practices.

precision agriculture

A farming management concept that uses technology and data analysis to optimize field-level management regarding crop farming. It aims to improve yield, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impact.

food INSEQURITY

A condition in which individuals or communities lack reliable access to sufficient quantities of affordable, nutritious food, often resulting in hunger and malnutrition.

enclosure system

A land management system that consolidates small landholdings into larger farms, often leading to increased agricultural productivity and changes in land use.

tarrifs

Taxes imposed on imported goods to protect domestic industries and regulate trade.

fairtrade

A movement aimed at promoting equitable trade practices, ensuring that producers in developing countries receive fair compensation for their goods and that sustainable farming practices are encouraged.

Green revolution

A period of agricultural transformation in the mid-20th century characterized by the introduction of high-yield crop varieties, extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides, and advanced irrigation techniques, significantly increasing food production globally.

Von thunen model

A model that explains the location of agricultural activities based on distance from a central market, detailing how land use changes with proximity to urban areas.

pastoral nomadism

A form of subsistence agriculture where people rely on the herding of livestock and move from one place to another in search of pasture and water.

global supply chain

The network of production, processing, and distribution of goods and services that spans across multiple countries, allowing for the efficient movement of products from manufacturers to consumers.

farm subsides

Financial assistance given to farmers by the government to support agricultural production and stabilize food prices.

GMOs

Genetically modified organisms, which are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques to enhance desired traits.

Vertical integration

A business strategy where a company controls multiple stages of production, from raw materials to final product distribution, enhancing efficiency and reducing costs.

Food deserts

Areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, often found in low-income neighborhoods.