Industrial Revolution, Imperialism, and Cold War Flashcards

Flashcards covering key events and concepts from the Industrial Revolution to the Cold War.

In what ways did industrialization improve lives? In what ways did it create new problems?

Industrialization improved lives through increased production and availability of goods. However, it created new problems like pollution and poor working conditions.

How were working conditions, especially for women and children, affected by the rise of factories?

Working conditions in factories were often harsh, especially for women and children, who faced long hours and low pay.

What role did class tensions and economic inequality play during the Industrial Revolution?

Class tensions and economic inequality fueled social unrest and movements for reform.

How did industrialization lead to global economic changes in developing nations?

Industrialization led to global economic changes by creating dependencies in developing nations.

What motivated European powers to pursue imperialism in the 19th century?

European powers pursued imperialism to gain resources, markets, and strategic advantages.

How did ideas like Social Darwinism and "The White Man's Burden" justify imperialism?

Ideas like Social Darwinism and "The White Man's Burden" were used to justify imperialism as a moral imperative.

How did imperialism differ between British India and French Indochina?

British India was directly ruled, while French Indochina used a more assimilation-focused approach.

What were the effects of imperialism on colonized peoples, including culture, land, and rights?

Imperialism led to loss of land, cultural destruction, and denial of rights for colonized peoples.

How did imperialism contribute to rising tensions among European powers before WWI?

Imperialism contributed to rising tensions among European powers through competition for colonies and resources.

What long-term causes (M.A.I.N.) and short-term spark led to the outbreak of WWI?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism (M.A.I.N.) were long-term causes. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the short-term spark.

How did trench warfare affect soldiers and the nature of combat?

Trench warfare led to horrific conditions, stalemates, and immense casualties.

What new technologies changed warfare during WWI?

New technologies such as machine guns, tanks, and poison gas changed warfare during WWI.

How did events like the Zimmermann Telegram influence U.S. involvement in the war?

The Zimmermann Telegram influenced U.S. involvement by revealing a German plot to incite Mexico to attack the U.S.

What principles did Woodrow Wilson promote in his Fourteen Points?

Woodrow Wilson promoted principles of self-determination, open diplomacy, and the establishment of the League of Nations in his Fourteen Points.

What caused the Russian Revolution, and how did it change Russia's government?

The Russian Revolution was caused by social inequality, economic hardship, and political repression, leading to the overthrow of the Tsarist government.

What was the Long March, and how did it shape Mao Zedong's leadership in China?

The Long March was a retreat by the Chinese Communist Party that solidified Mao Zedong's leadership.

What changes did Mao implement after the Communist victory in 1949?

Mao implemented land redistribution, collectivization, and the Great Leap Forward after the Communist victory in 1949.

Who was Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), and how did he modernize and secularize Turkey?

Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) modernized and secularized Turkey after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.

What were the global causes and consequences of the Great Depression?

The Great Depression was caused by factors like overproduction, speculation, and bank failures, leading to global economic hardship.

How did the Great Depression contribute to the rise of totalitarian leaders like Mussolini and Hitler?

The Great Depression contributed to the rise of totalitarian leaders by creating social unrest and economic desperation.

What ideologies and tactics did totalitarian regimes use to maintain control?

Totalitarian regimes used propaganda, repression, and control of information to maintain power.

What artistic, literary, and political movements arose in response to the crisis of the 1930s?

Artistic, literary, and political movements like Surrealism and Existentialism arose in response to the crisis of the 1930s.

How did aggression by Axis powers contribute to the outbreak of WWII?

Aggression by Axis powers, particularly Germany's invasion of Poland, contributed to the outbreak of WWII.

What actions did Germany, Italy, and Japan take in the lead-up to global war?

Germany rearmed and annexed territory, Italy invaded Ethiopia, and Japan invaded Manchuria in the lead-up to global war.

Why was D-Day a significant turning point in the war?

D-Day, the Allied invasion of Normandy, was a significant turning point in the war because it opened a second front against Germany in Western Europe.

What were the goals of the Nuremberg Laws, and how did they reflect Nazi ideology?

The Nuremberg Laws aimed to strip Jews of their rights and citizenship, reflecting Nazi ideology of racial purity.

What was Kristallnacht, and how did it represent growing persecution of Jews?

Kristallnacht was a night of violence against Jews that represented growing persecution and foreshadowed the Holocaust.

What were the causes of the Cold War, and how did the U.S. and USSR view each other?

The Cold War was caused by ideological differences and mutual distrust between the U.S. and USSR.

What were the goals of policies like the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan?

The Truman Doctrine aimed to contain communism, and the Marshall Plan aimed to rebuild Europe.

How did events like the Berlin Airlift and the formation of NATO escalate tensions?

Events like the Berlin Airlift and the formation of NATO escalated tensions by creating military alliances.

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis, and how close did it bring the world to nuclear war?

The Cuban Missile Crisis brought the world close to nuclear war when the USSR placed nuclear missiles in Cuba.

How did Cold War fears impact American society (for example - McCarthyism)?

Cold War fears led to McCarthyism, a period of intense anti-communist suspicion and persecution in American society.

What was the significance of the Space Race and the launch of Sputnik?

The Space Race and the launch of Sputnik symbolized technological competition and Cold War tensions.

What is détente, and how did it change the Cold War in the 1970s?

Détente was a period of reduced tensions between the U.S. and USSR in the 1970s.

What reforms did Mikhail Gorbachev introduce, and how did they help lead to the fall of the USSR?

Mikhail Gorbachev introduced reforms like perestroika and glasnost, which helped lead to the fall of the USSR.

What did the fall of the Berlin Wall symbolize in global Cold War history?

The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of the Cold War and the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe.

How did the Cold War shape global alliances and conflicts (for example - proxy wars like the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cuban Missile Crisis)?

The Cold War shaped global alliances and conflicts by leading to proxy wars like the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.