Nursing final exam

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100 Terms

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Gross motor development

Involve the use of large muscle groups that control big movements. (Walking, running, and jumping)

Very important for play and physical devlopement

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Brain development in Early childhood

mylenation of brain in neurons allows increase in fine motor skills.

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Fine motor skills

involve smaller, precise movements. (writing or drawing)

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Preoperational stage in early childhood

They begin to mentally represent things they can’t see

Understanding of objects in space

Second stage of cognitive development in Piaget

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limitations of preoperational thought in early childhood

Inability to conserve items( different shapes/sizes)

Animism - when human life or qualities are attributed to nonliving objects

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Expertise

Middle adulthood cognitive

Having more info and knowledge on something particular leading to being able to solve problems within that particular field.

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encapsulation

Middle adulthood cognitive

how an expert’s informational processing is centered around their specialty or specific knowledge.

EX: veteran nurse knowing more than new grad nurse

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Sandwich generation

caring for adult children and caring for elderly parents.

Middle adulthood

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Filial maturity

balancing love and duty to care for parent that may be elderly with health issues and finances

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ceneterians

person whose 100 years or older

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life span

maximum number of years an indivisual can live

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life expectancy

average number of years someone is expected to live

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Hayflick limit

number of times a human cell population can divide before it stops dividing

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Erikson in middle adulthood

Generativity vs stangation

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What is generativity vs stagnation

finding purpose and contributing to society versus feeling unproductive or disconnected during middle adulthood

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Carl Jung Individualization

becoming your true whole self by integrating all parts of your personality.

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Male menopause

no evidence, but testosterone slowly decreases and erectile dysfunction happens.

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Female menopause

woman stops ovulating/menstruating and loses ability to concieve children around age 52.

may experience hot flashes and itching

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common causes mortality in middle age

suicides and poisonings(alcohol and drug abuse)

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types of retirement

phased(reduced work gradually) or bridge employment(switching to another line of work)

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Hearing during middle adulthood

graduate hearing loss at pitches higher than speech

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Physical changes across middle adulthood

near vision, need for more light

skin becomes less smooth

decrease in lung capacity and lower bone density

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Arranged marriage

children does have say in marriage with some limitations

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forced marriage

child has no say in who they will marry

common in collectivist cultures like India

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John Gottman marriage research

Be nice and positive to partner

Do 5 positive things for partner to make up for something that done badly to partner.

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Marriage trends

Marriage happens a lot of later in life now than before

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Sternberger triangular theory of love

Passion, Commitment, Intimacy

happens during early adulthood

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Sternberger’s passion

The physical attraction, desire, and sexual excitement in a relationship

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Sternberger’s Commitment

how committed you are to the person

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Sternberger’s intimacy

degree that you can disclose stuff to a person, not sexual intimacy

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Living together before marriage

has higher divorce rates than waiting to live with person during marriage

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Recentering

Happens during early adulthood

  1. embedded in family

  2. Remains connected to family but develops intimate partners and involvement in work

  3. remains connected to family but established independence through commitment to family and career

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College professors ranking

Assistant → Associate → Full professor

6-7 years to rank up

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Instructional track

hired to teach

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clinical track

educate clinical nurse

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Tenure track

Research/teaching

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Factors that facilitate transition to college

Talk to counselor

have reasonable expectations

involvement with extracurriculars

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William Perry reflective thinking

Believed that adolescent thought is polar(right or wrong)

Relavisitc thought develops where acknowledgment of diverse perspectives occurs

Happens in early adulthood

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LGBTQ healthcare

receive most hate out of any group of people

1 in 5 LGBTQ people were denied healthcare

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Health issues during Early adulthood

obesity, sleep issue, smoking, depression, alcohol use and abuse

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Reproduction issues for men in early adulthood

infertility in men when there is a production of too few sperm and blocked ejaculatory ducks.

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Reproduction issue for women is early adulthood

Women fail to produce Ova

considered infertile after 12 months of trying to concieve

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Piaget’s view in early adulthood

Adults and adolescents think the same in a qualitative way, but demonstrate quantitative difference.

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early adulthood age range

18-40 years old

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middle adulthood age range

40 - 65 years old

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good stress

Eustress

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Bad stress

distress

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General adaptation syndrome

Alarm(fight or flight) → Resistance(adaptation phase) → Exhaustion from stress

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Hans seyle theory

Intially studied effects of hormones and later discovered the idea of noxious agents aka STRESS

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Adrenarche

hormonal changes in the adrenal glands above kidneys around 7 or 8.

Comes first

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Gonadarche

sexual maturation and development of reproductive maturity

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Primary sex characteristics

Responsible for reproduction like ejaculation

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secondary sex characteristics

develop gradually over time

EX: pubic hair, breast growth

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Adolescent daredevil brain

Unique period of brain development where people do very stupid things and are fearless.

frontal lobe has decreased grey matter and increase of mylenation with pleasure centers being more receptive.

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David Elkin-Egocentric

Happens during adolescence

Imaginary audience and personal fable

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Imaginary audience

heightned self consious

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personal fable

belief of uniqueness and invulnerability

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Middle childhood Erikson

Industry(academic achievement) vs inferiority 6-14 years old

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Popular children during middle childhood

good listeners, show concerns, self confidence

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Unpopular children who are neglected

shy/anxious

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Unpopular children who are rejected

impulsive, fewer social skills, difficulty paying attention

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James Marcia Identity status

Happens in adolescence (respect to work)

Foreclosure, identity diffusion, moratorium, identity achievement

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Foreclosure

premature selection without exploration and based on other peoples wishes

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identity diffusion

no interest in exploring careers

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moratorium

state of active crisis with exploration but no commitment

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identity achievement

commitment to a role after active search or crisis

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social determinants of adolescence

depression, race, social media use

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Erikson in adolescence

Identity vs role confusion

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what is identity vs role confusion

where individuals try to develop a clear sense of self, and failure to do so leads to confusion about their identity and future roles.

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Adolescence age range

12-18

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Thanatology

Study of death and dying

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Hospice care

Provide care and comfort when life expectancy is less than 6 months

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palliative care

provide improved quality care and comfort for serious illness at any point in life

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Advanced directives

Legal documents that tell providers how you want to be cared when your not able to communicate anymore.

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Social determinants in late adulthood

social isolation

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definition of good death(steinhauser, 2000)

Good symptom management, patient professional relationship quality, having the opportunity to say goodbye and not die alone

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Erikson late adulthood

Ego integrity vs despair

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what is ego integrity vs despair

hose who feel satisfied develop a sense of peace, while those with regrets may feel despair.

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Erikson in middle childhood

industry vs inferiority

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what is industry vs inferiority

where children develop confidence through learning and achievements, or feel inferior if they fail or are criticized.

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Smilnansky 4 types of play

Functional(1-2 years old)

Constructive(3-5 years old)

Pretend play (5-7 years old)

games with rules (10-11 years old)

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Functional play

simple repetitive movements like shaking a toy

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constructive

manipulating objects to build something

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Social dimensions of play(Parten)

Solitary, Unoccupied, onlooker, parallel, cooperative

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Parallel play

playing next to each other but not with another

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unoccupied

no goal

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Erikson in early childhood

Initiative vs guilt

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Inductive reasoning

explain why something is bad

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Authoritative parents

high warmth high demandingness

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Authoritarian parents

low on warmth but high on demandingness

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Permissive

low on demandingness but high on warmth

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Uninvolved parents

low warmth and low control

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Piaget concrete operation

middle childhood (7-11)

have better idea of spatial thinking(how far something is) and cause/effect

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meta memory

awareness and understanding of their own memory abilities and strategies

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Weschler test

Middle childhood

Performance and verbal based

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gender fluid

moves between different gender identities

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genderqueer

identifies outside male/female spectrum

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When does language development explode

18-24 months

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What technique do children use to quickly learn new words

fast mapping

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what is fast mapping

quickly learn the meaning of a new word after hearing it just once or twice, often by using context clues.