APES Topics 5 and 6 Practice Problems

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The soil horizon commonly known as subsoil is the

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1

The soil horizon commonly known as subsoil is the

B horizon

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2

Which of the following is the primary environmental advantage of no-till agriculture?

The undisturbed soil is less susceptible to erosion

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3

Genetically modified (GM) organisms are best described as those that

have genes of several members of a different species

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4

Which of the following best explains how a pest develops resistance to a chemical pesticide?

Natural selection takes place

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5

Island biogeography theory, developed by E. O. Wilson and Robert MacArthur in 1963, has many implications for

developing national parks of adequate size and with sufficient wildlife corridors

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6

Second-growth forests

are forests that establish themselves after virgin timber has been removed

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7

Many types of mining, such as those used to mine coal and copper, produce a specific type of water pollution called

acid drainage

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8

International seedbanks have been established for the primary purpose of

preserving declining crop diversity

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9

The environmental consequence of overfertilization of agricultural lands includes

eutrophication in nearby waters

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10

As scientists continue to study forest fragmentation concerns, an important conclusion has been that

small forest fragments lose more species than large fragments

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11

The Green Revolution is most closely associated with which time period?

between World War II and the present

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12

Which of the following is an important feature of integrated pest management?

it makes use of the natural enemies of pests

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13

Wilderness areas

are off-limits to development but are open to low-impact recreation

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14

The Healthy Forests Restoration Act

directs timber companies to remove small trees, underbrush, and dead trees to reduce fire sin national forest lands

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15

The U.S Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 requires

mining companies to post bonds to cover restoration of the mined area before permits are granted

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16

IPM is the agricultural approach involving

biocontrol and alternative tillage methods

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17

Leaching

removes water-soluble nutrients from soil

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18

Humus is

composed of organic compounds and increases the water-holding capacity of soils

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19

Crops genetically engineered to fix nitrogen would have which of the following advantages?

decreased need for chemical fertilizer

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20

Critics of the Green Revolution most often cite

the increased practice of monocropping, leading to increased risk of overall crop failure without the widespread use of pesticides

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21

Conservation tillage is an agricultural practice that

maximizes intact ground cover to prevent soil erosion

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22

Forests provide many ecosystem services; however, the one that is receiving the most focus for climate change scientists is

carbon sequestration

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23

The major environmental problem arising from feedlots is

pollution of surface and groundwater, resulting in eutrophication

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24

Sustainable forest certification involves

a chain of custody following for all harvested material

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25

Which of the following is not an environmental benefit of smart growth?

decreased open space

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26

An LD50 study indicates the

amount of toxicant it takes to kill half the population

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27

In the US, approximately how much of our generated municipal solid waste ends up being recovered in composting and recycling?

about 34%

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28

The federal legislation that imposes a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries to generate funds that pay for the cleanup of hazardous substances is

CERCLA

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29

Which is the most critical environmental impact of urban sprawl?

increased air pollution

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30

A resource sink is

an area that produces almost none of the things that it needs

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31

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used in ___ and has the effect of ___

plastics; endocrine disruptor

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32

Pesticides in the United States are registered for use through the

EPA

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33

Currently, which of the following materials comprises the largest component of municipal solid waste by weight?

paper

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34

Currently, the average American generates approximately ____ lb of municipal solid waste per day

4.4

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35

The role of urban zoning is to

classify areas for different types of land use

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36

A LEED certification for an urban building indicates that

it has been built with consideration for minimum water and energy use

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37

Which of the following are naturally occurring chemicals, potentially toxic to people?

crude oil and radon gas

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38

Which statement about dose-response studies is false?

Dose-response studies test only for lethal effects

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39

Which of the following best represents criteria for classifying hazardous waste?

ignitable, corrosive, reactive

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40

From an environmental waste perspective, which approach is the most effective and desirable?

Reduce

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41

Which of the following environmental hazards is most capable of biomagnification?

PCB

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42

Many chemical substances are very challenging for risk assessment studies because of their

synergistic effects

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43

E-waste is a major source of

heavy metals

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44

Incineration is a contemporary method of handling municipal solid waste and contributes to all of the following except

decreasing the life of sanitary landfills

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