CLST 130 - Test 4 - Underwater Archaeology

Winter 2025 QueensU

Underwater archaeology

the study of human past in submerged contexts

maritime archaeology

archaeology of the sea

Underwater archaeology

the study of human past in submerged contexts

maritime archaeology

archaeology of the sea

nautical archaeology

the study of shipwrecks and other submerged structures in the maritime environment.

roman relief from Ostia

retrieve a statue of herciles from the sea

retrieveing a statue pulled with a net

victory to the left about achievement

only source that says a statue was pulled form the sea

tells about the sailing season which was sumer fall and spring - winter storms were frequent

A depiction of Hercules showing the challenges of retrieving artifacts, reflecting the seasonal constraints faced by sailors.

Bronze Warriors

A and B - from Riace statues discovered in the sea off the coast of Riace, Italy, believed to be from the 460-450 BCE, showcasing classical Greek artistry.

not of the same set

have been called ephiadias

cant really tell where they were from or what monument they belonged to

ship has not been found - rumors of third statue - probably in a cargo towards rome

could have been one of the 200 statues taken by Nero from Delphi

dicovered in 1972

Antirhodos

ancient habour of Alexandria - found ther a black granit atatue of priest of Isis

Giovanni Alfonso Borelli

1608 -1679 imagines a diver carrying a large bag of air and talloned flipers

Halley Diving Bell

used to recover artifacts from a warship 18th Century

Aqualung

a type of self-contained underwater breathing apparatus developed by Jacques Cousteau and Émile Gagnan in 1943.

The Plateua of Giza

where the first preserved ship was found

the great ship was found

used for funerary procession

Funerary ship of Cheops for the Pharaoh Khufu, known as Cheops in Greek.

made from Lebanon Cedar and had been disassembled

symbols helped reassemble

The Nemi Ships

1446 the cardinal Prospero COlonna asked Leon Battista Alberti to retrieve the roman ships - was able to only retireve a fragment of one ship

where destroyed a fire in 1944 during WW2 - thought to have been burned by the german army but recent anaylsis shows that allie artiliry caused the fire

Leon Battista Alberti

was an Italian polymath known for his work in architecture, painting, and literature during the Renaissance, he also contributed to the field of underwater archaeology.

scientific tests continuing the tradition of Pliny the Elder and Vitruvius

Exploration of Greek texts

nemi manuscripts that have been lost

Gaius - Caligula

name meand little boots

his surname is derived as a joke bc he was born in the dress of a common solider

Suetonius

wrote Caligula

Fancesco De Marchi

using a wooden diving bell

Annesio Fusconi

explored the Nemi ships using halley’s diving bells

Guido Ucelli

partially drained the lake to get at the nemi ships

head of medusa

bronze on the ship of Nemi

antikythera

originally found by sponge divers in 1900

sunk around 70-60 BCE near Antikythera, Greece.

found there was a second wreck at the site in 1953

Mykali

hellenic naval vessel that was used to transport those in the government and the

Jacques-Yves Cousteau

pioneering marine explorer and filmmaker known for his contributions to underwater archaeology and conservation.

was able to relocate the shipwreck with Harold Edgerton in 1953

youth from the sea

antikythera bronze - dated from before the 340 BCE - cant be attirbuted to on signle author at this time

some people think its perseus who killed medusa

others think its paris giving the golden apple

portrait of cynic philosopher

bion of Borysthenes - end of 4th beginning 3rd century BCE

• beard is style of the time

trochades

kind of shoes

marble horse

antikythers

salt water has affected the marble and disolved it over the centuries

lamps

provided light form the antikthera shipwerch

antikythera mechanism

an ancient Greek device used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses, significant for its advanced gears and complexity.

bronze - first analogue computer ever

some part had inscriptions in greek

is an astronomical calculator device from antiquity

used to calculate dates and astronomical events

not sure who made or how the date is told

ship recks of the bronze age - before the others

surprising bc researchers believe that only Mycenean culture was involved in seafaring activities during this period.

1. Cape Gelidonya

2. Uluburun

George Bass

excavated at cape gelidonya

cape Gledinya

travelers offering their servuces and found recycled copper for their tools

mechants sylinder seal

carved in syria nad was probs an heirloom

uluburun

earliest shipwreck found off the coast of Turkey, dating back to the 14th century BCE, containing cargo like metals, ceramics, and glass.

dendrochronological analysis

a method used to date tree rings, helping to determine the age of wooden artifacts and their environmental conditions.

materials from cyprus, mycenae, near east egypt, nubia

some luxury items

presence of many cannaanite object - cannaite soliders and merchants

but alse mycenaaean sealstones, weapons, and dinnerware - they wre also on the crew

wooden Diptych

tablet for writing - from Uluburun - often made of two hinged leaves, used in ancient Rome and Greece for recording information about inventory and trades