Nursing Theorists and Their Theories

Flashcards covering key concepts, models, definitions, and goals of major nursing theorists including Watson, Orlando, Travelbee, Leininger, Pender, Roy, Johnson, Neuman, and Benner.

What is the primary purpose of Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring?

It acts as a blueprint for nurses to restore the art of nursing practice and better care for their patients and themselves.

What is Jean Watson's Theory?

Theory of Human Caring

What main concepts are included in Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring?

The 10 carative factors, the transpersonal healing and transpersonal caring relationship, caring moment, caring occasion, and caring healing modalities of human care relationship.

How many carative factors does Jean Watson have?

10

How is the transpersonal relationship actualized according to Jean Watson?

Through the application of the 10 caritas processes that guide the relationship and set the foundation for the caring-loving relationship.

What is Ida Jean Orlando's Theory called?

Deliberative Nursing Process Theory

What is the role of the nurse according to Ida Jean Orlando's Deliberative Nursing Process Theory?

To find out and meet the patient's immediate need for help.

What three elements did Ida Jean Orlando observe to formulate the deliberative nursing process?

Client behaviors, nurse's reactions, and nursing actions to take.

Who's theory remains one of the most effective practice theories available?

Orlando

What is highlighted as a major strength of Ida Jean Orlando's nursing theory?

The theory is clear, concise, easy to use, and keeps the nurse's focus directly on the patient.

What is the primary responsibility of the nurse in Joyce Travelbee's Human To Human Relationship Model?

Helping the patient avoid and alleviate the distress of unmet needs.

What is Joyce Travelbee’s theory called?

Human to Human Relationship Model

What stages do human-to-human relationships progress through in Joyce Travelbee's theory?

They begin with the original encounter and progress through emerging identities, developing feelings of empathy, and later feelings of sympathy.

What is the role of nursing regarding patient suffering and hope according to Joyce Travelbee?

To help the patient find meaning in the experience of suffering and to help the patient maintain hope.

What is Madeleine Leininger’s theory called?

Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality

What model did Madeleine Leininger produce to depict her Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality?

The Sunrise model.

What did the sunrise model emphasized?

The health and care are influenced by elements of the social structure, such as technology, religious and philosophical factors, kinship and social systems, cultural values, political and legal factors, economic factors, and educational factors.

What three intervention modes are presented in Madeleine Leininger's theory?

1. Culture care preservation and maintenance; 2. Culture care accommodation, negotiation, or both; 3. Culture care restructuring and repatterning.

What is the major concept and overall goal of nursing care in Madeleine Leininger's theory?

Cultural diversity’s goal is to provide the patient with culturally specific nursing care by integrating cultural traditions, values, and beliefs into the plan of care.

What is Nola Pender’s theory called?

Health Promotion Model

What was Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model designed to serve as?

A complementary counterpart to models of health protection.

How does Nola Pender's theory help nurses?

To know and understand the major determinants of health behaviors as a foundation for behavioral counseling to promote well-being and healthy lifestyles.

What three areas does Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model focus on?

Individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and behavioral outcomes.

How does Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model define health?

As "a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease."

What is Health Promotion Model directed at?

Increasing a client’s level of well-being. It describes the multi-dimensional nature of persons as they interact within the environment to pursue health.

What is Sr. Callista Roy theory called?

Adaptation Model

According to Sr. Callista Roy's Adaptation Model, what is the goal of nursing?

To help the person adapt to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependent relations during health and illness.

Around what central concept does Sr. Callista Roy's Adaptation Model revolve?

The concept of man as an adaptive system who scans the environment for stimuli and adapts.

When does the need for nursing care occur in Sr. Callista Roy's Adaptation Model?

When the patient cannot adapt to internal and external environmental demands.

What is Dorothy Johnson's theory called?

Behavioral System Model

How many subsystems does Dorothy Johnson identify within the Behavioral System Model?

Seven subsystems.

How are an individual's behaviors defined in Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral System Model?

As an organized and integrated functional unit that determines and limits interaction between the person and their environment.

What did Dorothy Johnson believed?

That each individual has a focusing and repeating ways of acting which covers a behavioral system distinct to that individual.

What theory did Betty Neuman create?

System Model in Nursing Practice

What does the nurse do in Betty Neuman's Model?

To determines which demands are causing problems for a patient and assesses how well the patient is adapting to them.

What is the main role of the nurse in Neuman's theory?

To help a person to adapt with environmental stimuli causing illnesses back to a state of wellness.

What are the two major components of Betty Neuman's System Model in Nursing Practice?

Stress and the reaction to stress.

How does Betty Neuman define health in her System Model?

"Health is a condition in which all parts and subparts are in harmony with the whole of the client"

How is the client viewed within the Neuman Systems Model?

As an open system in which repeated cycles of input, process, output, and feedback constitute a dynamic organizational pattern.

What theory did Patricia Benner create?

Model on Novice to Expert

What did Patricia Benner say about the nurse-patient relationship?

It is not a uniform, professionalized blueprint but rather a kaleidoscope of intimacy and distance in some of the most dramatic, poignant, and mundane moments of life.

What are the five stages in Patricia Benner's Model on Novice to Expert?

Novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert.

What element does Patricia Benner state is essential for the development of professional expertise?

Experience.