Thrust PPL ground 2 stage zero

engines, primary and secondary flight controls

flaps allow for

steeper angle of descent without increasing speed.

flaps (increase/decrease) lift

increase

empennage

tail section of aircraft

empennage includes

vertical and horizontal stabilizer

rudder controls which axis

vertical—yaw

ailerons control which axis

longitudinal—roll

elevator controls which axis

lateral —pitch

horizontal stabilizer on an archer is called a

stabilator

secondary flight controls are

flaps

trim (stabilator—the spinning wheel, and rudder—on the yoke)

the spinning wheel between the seat controls the

trim tabs

2 types of landing gear

tricycle and tailwheel. Can be fixed or retractable

brakes are powered by

hydraulics

for touch and goes, heels should be

on the floor!! (so you don’t go off the runway)

powerplant includes

engine and propeller

powerplant has a ____ that mounts the engine and protects occupants from fire

firewall

2 engine types

reciprocating

turbine

four stroke operating cycle

1. intake

2. compression

3. power

4. exhaust

   (suck, squeeze, bang, blow)

induction port for air is located _____ and controls____

front side of the fuselage, fuel/air mixture

two eye-holes at the front of the plane, behind the propeller are for

passive engine cooling

Stoichiometric ratio is __ to _

14.7 air to 1 part fuel

at higher altitudes, you typically need to (richen/lean) mixture, because the air is (thicker/thinner)

lean, thinner

carburetor system uses a _____ chamber, using ________to pump fuel

venturi, Bernoulli’s principle (low pressure, high velocity—pressure differential)

fuel injected system uses

no carburetors, sprays fuel directly into hot engine intakes, introduced by auxiliary fuel pump, then engine-driven fuel pump, then fuel servo ensures pressure and goes into fuel manifold valve to be divided and shot into injectors

carb icing

can exist from 20F-70F, as high as 100F. fuel vaporizes, very low pressure = very low temp. Moisture introduced from air turns to ice. RPM shows a drop, loss of power, rough engine. Resolve with carb heat and mixture full rich

Bernoulli’s principle

velocity increases, pressure decreases, temp decreases

ignition system includes

magnetos, spark plugs, wiring, ignition switch.

magneto is (electrical/self-contained)

self-contained

purpose of magnetos is to

supply electrical current to spark plug

why do we have 2 mags and dual spark plugs?

redundancy

when pre-flighting, always make sure the _____ are OFF! If not you could lose an arm in the propeller

magnetos

during a stage check, if they ask if an aileron had a 5 mm dent in it, would you be able to fly—where do you look?

TCDS (type certificate data sheet)

a runaway engine (won’t turn off) can be caused by

disconnected wires

preignition

premature ignition of air-fuel mixture, caused by spark plug fouling

detonation

uncontrolled, explosive engine, caused by overheated engine or too lean mixture. Lower temp by reducing throttle, richening mixture, lowering nose

propeller originally creates _____, translated into _____

lift, thrust

2 types of propellers

fixed pitch (blade angle can’t change, optimized for cruise/climb)

constant speed (blade angle can change, more efficient. Avoid high manifold pressure with low RPM)

vapor lock

fuel freezes in lines, aircraft won’t start

2 fuel systems (piper vs archer)

fuel pump, gravity fed

what color gas do we use?

blue

why should you fill up tanks at the end of the day

to prevent condensation and water contamination

don’t put ___gas in your archer

Jet A

2 types of oil systems

dry sump —oil is in a separate tank and circulated via pumps

wet sump—most common, oil is part of the engine

low grade fuel or low oil can both cause

engine overheating

2 types of cooling systems

air cooled, liquid cooled. Archer is air cooled

exhaust system goes through the ___ and can provide ____ for the cabin

muffler, heat

in the event of CO poisoning

open storm window, close vents, turn off heater, land asap

alternator

good for low RPM, produces AC

generator

good for high RPM, produces DC

Ammeter

indicates if battery is charging /dischargning

loadmeter

indicates how much load we are putting on alternator/generator

engine won’t start without ___ on

master switch

circuit breakers protect from

electrical overload

if a circuit breaker pops twice…

just leave it. you could fry the system