Overview of Trade and Political Changes from 600 CE to 1900

These flashcards cover key concepts from the provided lecture notes, focusing on trade developments, political systems, and cultural impacts from 600 CE to 1900.

What were the reasons for the increase in trade and complexity of trade routes around 600 CE?

The collapse of classical empires led to safer trade conditions, the rise of Islam which promoted trade, support from governments for trade, and advancements in transportation technology.

How did the caliphate promote trade during its rise?

By building caravanserais, developing roads, domesticating camels, innovating banking practices, and creating trade centers like Mecca and Medina.

What were the major trade routes mentioned in the notes?

Trans-Saharan, Silk Road, and Indian Ocean trade routes.

What was the impact of increased trade on cultural diffusion?

It facilitated the spread of religions (Islam, Buddhism, Christianity) and resulted in the development of syncretic cultures, such as the Swahili language.

What was a significant consequence of the Columbian Exchange?

The exchange of crops and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, leading to significant impacts on food production and population health.

What economic systems developed as a result of European colonization?

New systems included the Encomienda, Hacienda, and Mita System, which were based on the forced labor of native populations.

What shift occurred in economic thought during the Industrial Revolution?

A transition from mercantilism, where wealth was seen as finite, to capitalism, where wealth could be infinite with minimal government regulation.

What sparked the political revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

Enlightenment ideas that emphasized social contracts, separation of powers, and individual rights inspired revolutions in the U.S., France, Haiti, and Latin America.

How did nationalism influence the new imperialism?

Nationalism motivated countries to compete for colonies to outpace rivals and distract from domestic problems.

What resistance movements occurred against imperialism?

Movements included the Sepoy Mutiny in India, Ethiopian victories against Italy, and the Boxer Rebellion in China.