Water lecture notes

Flashcards about Water Properties, Solutions, and Mixtures

Hydrogen bonds

Weak forces holding water molecules together.

Surface tension

Water's surface acts like a skin because of hydrogen bonds.

Surfactant

Breaks hydrogen bonds & lowers surface tension.

Hydrogen bonding effects

All caused by hydrogen bonding: High boiling point, low vapor pressure, high surface tension

Less dense than water

Ice forms an open, hexagon-like structure so it is…

Hygroscopic

Soaks up water from the air.

Deliquescent

Soaks up so much water it dissolves itself.

Desiccant

Used to absorb moisture and keep things dry.

Hydrate

A solid compound with water molecules in it.

Water of hydration

The water that's part of a hydrate's structure.

Anhydrous

Means no water.

Effloresce

When a hydrate loses its water to the air.

Electrolyte

Substance that conducts electricity when dissolved.

Nonelectrolyte

Doesn't conduct electricity.

Strong electrolyte

Breaks fully into ions; conducts well.

Weak electrolyte

Only partly breaks into ions; conducts weakly.

Aqueous solution

Water with stuff dissolved in it.

Solvent

The liquid doing the dissolving.

Solute

The stuff being dissolved.

Solvation

When water surrounds and separates ions during dissolving.

Water

Polar covalent & ionic compounds dissolve best in…

Solution

Tiny particles, fully dissolved (clear).

Suspension

Big particles that settle.

Colloid

Medium particles; don't settle.

Tyndall effect

Light scatters in a colloid or suspension.

Brownian motion

Jittery movement of colloid particles.

Emulsion

A colloid where two liquids are mixed and don't separate.

Surface Tension

An inward force that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid; it causes the surface to behave as if it were a thin skin

Surfactant

Any substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and thereby reduces surface tension; soaps and detergents are examples.

Hydrogen bonds

Water molecules are held together through…

Structure of ice

A regular open framework of water molecules in a hexagonal arrangement

Deliquescent

a substance that removes sufficient water from the air to form a solution; the solution formed has a lower vapor pressure than that of the water in the air

Tyndall Effect

scattering of light by particles in a colloid or suspension, which causes a beam of light to become visible

colloid

A mixture in which microscopic particles are dispersed throughout another substance, remaining suspended and not settling out. Examples include milk and fog.