REVIEWER IN SCIENCE 8 Q1
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28 Terms
Force
Pushes or pulls that can cause objects to change their motion or shape. It has a magnitude and direction.
Balanced Forces
When two or more forces acting on an object are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, causing the object to remain at rest or move with constant velocity.
Unbalanced Forces
When the forces acting on the object are unequal, resulting in a net force that causes the object to accelerate.
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity. Can be caused by a change in speed, direction, or both.
Law of Inertia
States that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will continue to move unless acted upon by an external force.
Law of Acceleration
States that it is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to mass.
Law of Interaction
States that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Formula for Acceleration
Fnet/m
Formula for Force
ma
Formula for mass
f/a
Work
A way of transferring energy. When work is done by an object, it loses energy, and when work is done on an object, it gains energy.
Kinetic Energy
Energy of a moving object (energy of motion).
Potential Energy
Energy gained or lost by an object,/stored energy.
Power
The rate of doing work or the rate of using energy.
Formula for Work
Fd cos
Formula for PE
mgh
Formula for Mass (PE)
PE/gh
Formula for Height (PE)
PE/mg
Formula for KE
½mv²
Formula for velocity (KE)
sqrt(2KE/m)
Formula for Mass (KE)
2KE/v²
Formula for Power
Work/Time
Heat
A form of energy that transfers from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature. (Energy in Transit)
Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object, independent of its mass.
Thermal Energy
Energy contained in an object due to the motion of its particles.
Thermal Expansion
The tendency of matter to change its shape, area, and volume in response to a change in temperature.
Phase Change
A change in the state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) due to the addition or removal of heat.
Heat Capacity
The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of one unit mass of a given material by one Celsius degree.