BIOL240 symbiosis

notes and lab

important in uncovering symbiotic relationships

Lynn Margulis-

The term symbiosis was coined in ___ by ____

1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary

some of the partners in a symbiosis live inside another

endosymbiosis

one or more partners live on the surface of others. 

ectosymbiosis

 Symbiosis may be difficult to investigate BECAUSE

 symbiotic interdependencies can be of enormous complexity

Obligate symbiosis

is a type of symbiotic relationship where at least one partner cannot survive without the other, indicating a high level of dependency.

symbiogenesis

is the process by which different organisms combine to form a new organism, leading to evolutionary changes and the emergence of new species.

pathogenic parasitism

an emergent or mutant parasite overwhelms the defences of its host, destroying both the host and sometimes itself in the process.

mutualism

is a type of symbiotic relationship where both partners benefit

Commensalism

one benefit, one isnt harmed but also doesnt gain anything

parasitism

one benefits, one IS harmed

predation

is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, the prey. . doesnt mean physically living together

(lab) boxer crab and sea anemone symbiotic relationship

he crab uses the anemone's stinging tentacles for defense, while the anemone gains access to new food sources by being carried around by the crab. 

(lab) mistletoe symbiotic

parasitic with host trees in order to get more water

(lab) cattle egret

commensalism Cattle egrets are the only species of heron that feed on insects. They live alongside mammals and have a commensalistic relationship with them. The mammals slightly benefit from this relationship; however, so do the cattle egrets, which gain feeding benefits. 

(lab) pistol shrimp and gobiid fish

Form mutualistic associations with gobiid fish, sponges, corals, sea anemones, and other marine organisms Provide protection to host organisms in exchange for shelter and food

(lab) yucca moth and yucca flower

obligate mutualism, which means that both species are completely dependent on each other for survival. The female yucca moth uses its tentacles to collect pollen from the anthers of the yucca plant’s flowers and place it on the stigma of a different flower on a new yucca plant, which is how the plant reproduces. In turn, the moth lays its eggs in the ovary of the yucca plant’s flower so that the larvae can feed on some of the yucca seeds. 

(lab) badger and coyote

mutualistic relationship.

Badgers are great diggers, and can chase prey out of underground burrows, while coyotes are fast runners and better at catching animals that flee above ground.

They often patrol in the same areas because they're both attracted to high rodent populations.