Module 1.1: Basics of Computers-Number System

Decimal Number System

Base 10 number system having 10 digits from 0 to 9. This means that any numerical quantity can be represented using these 10 digits. Also a positional value system. This means that the value of digits will depend on its position.

Binary Number System

The easiest way to vary instructions through electric signals is two-state system – on and off.

On

Represented as 1.

Off

Represented as 0.

Bit

Each binary digit is also called a ______.

Least Significant Bit (LSB)

In any binary number, the rightmost digit is called __________ and leftmost digit is called most significant bit (MSB).

Most Significant Bit (MSB)

In any binary number, the rightmost digit is called least significant bit (LSB) and leftmost digit is called _________.

8 bits

1 byte (B)

1024 bytes

1 Kilobytes (KB)

1024 KB

1 Megabyte (MB)

1024 MB

1 Gigabyte (GB))

1024 GB

1 Terabyte (TB)

1024 TB

1 Petabyte (PB)

1024 PB

1 Exabyte (EB)

1024 EB

1 Zettabyte (ZB)

1024 ZB

1 Yottabyte (YB)

Octal Number System

has eight digits – 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Also a positional value system with where each digit has its value expressed in powers of 8.

Hexadecimal Number System

Has 16 symbols – 0 to 9 and A to F where A is equal to 10, B is equal to 11 and so on till F. Aso a positional value system with where each digit has its value expressed in powers of 16.

Indian Script Code for Information (ISCII)

Mostly used by government departments and before it could catch on, a new universal encoding standard called Unicode was introduced.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASCII

Unicode

An international coding system designed to be used with different language scripts.