Chemistry[Electronegativity]

across periods

-increases

-atomic radius increases

-nuclear charge increases

-same shielding

polar molecules

-have stronger attraction between molecules

-water soluble

-high m.p and b.p

-asymmetrical

What is electronegativity?

The ability of an atom to attract electron density in a covalent bond.

How does electronegativity vary across a period?

Electronegativity increases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.

How does electronegativity change up a group?

Electronegativity decreases up a group due to increased shielding.

What is the Pauling scale?

A scale that quantifies electronegativity values for elements.

What are the most electronegative elements?

Fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen are among the most electronegative elements.

What is the trend in electronegativity for alkali metals?

Electronegativity decreases down the group in alkali metals.

What is the trend in electronegativity for halogens?

Electronegativity increases up the group in halogens.

How do polar bonds relate to electronegativity?

A polar bond forms when there is a significant difference in electronegativity between two atoms.

How does atomic radius influence electronegativity?

A smaller atomic radius increases electronegativity due to closer proximity of the nucleus to bonding electrons.

What is the trend of electronegativity in the periodic table?

Electronegativity increases across a period and decreases down a group.

How are polar and nonpolar bonds determined by electronegativity?

Polar bonds occur between atoms with a significant difference in electronegativity, while nonpolar bonds occur between similar electronegativities.

What is the significance of the electronegativity difference in bonds?

The difference in electronegativity determines the nature of the bond (polar or nonpolar) and molecular polarity.

What is a dipole moment and its relation to electronegativity?

A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule caused by differences in electronegativity.

Which group of elements has the lowest electronegativity values?

Alkali metals have the lowest electronegativity values.

Why do noble gases have electronegativity values listed as zero?

Noble gases have complete outer electron shells and do not tend to form bonds, so they are assigned a value of zero.

What trend is observed in electronegativity for transition metals?

Electronegativity in transition metals can vary due to different oxidation states and bonding environments.