Psychological Disorders Flashcards

Flashcards on Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorder

Marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that interferes with daily life.

Medical Model

Assumes psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and often cured through therapy.

Biopsychosocial Perspective

Assumes disordered behavior arises from the interaction of biological characteristics, psychological dynamics, and social-cultural circumstances.

Vulnerability-Stress Model

Individual characteristics and environmental stressors combine to increase or decrease the likelihood of developing a psychological disorder.

DSM-5-TR

The American psychiatric associations diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, containing diagnostic labels and descriptions for communication and research.

NSSI

Nonsuicidal self-injury; does not usually lead to suicide but may escalate to suicidal thoughts and acts if untreated.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Characterized by persistent and uncontrollable tenseness and apprehension for no apparent reason.

Panic Disorder

Anxiety escalates into episodes of intense dread.

Specific Phobia

An intense and irrational fear of a particular object, activity, or situation.

OCD

Obsessive-compulsive disorder; Characterized by persistent and repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both.

PTSD

Posttraumatic stress disorder; symptoms include haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, and social withdrawal following a traumatic event.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Experiencing bodily symptoms without any apparent physical cause.

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Interpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.

Major Depressive Disorder

Experiencing at least five symptoms of depression (including either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure) for 2 or more weeks.

Bipolar Disorder

Experiencing not only depression but also mania—episodes of hyperactive and wildly optimistic, impulsive behavior.

Schizophrenia

A psychotic disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation.

Delusions

False beliefs.

Chronic Schizophrenia

Development of symptoms is gradual and recovery is doubtful.

Acute Schizophrenia

Onset is sudden, in reaction to stress, and prospects for recovery are brighter.

Dissociative Disorders

Rare disorders characterized by a disruption of or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior.

Personality Disorders

Enduring inner experiences or behavior patterns that differ from someone’s cultural norms and expectations.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Characterized by a lack of conscience and, sometimes, by aggressive and fearless behavior.

Anorexia Nervosa

Maintaining a starvation diet, sometimes exercise excessively, and have an inaccurate self-perception.

Bulimia Nervosa

Binging and then compensating by purging, fasting, or excessively exercising.

Binge-Eating Disorder

Preoccupied with food and engage in significant bouts of bingeing, but they do not follow binges with purging, fasting, or exercising.

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life in three skill areas: conceptual, social, and practical.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A cognitive and social-emotional disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by limitations in communication and social interaction, as well as rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.

ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; a child who displays extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.